Download Ch - Paint Valley Local Schools

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Ch. 2-3 Test Review
Biology
Know the following vocabulary words: atom, proton, neutron, electron, nucleus, element,
enzyme, compound, mass number, atomic number, pH, acid, base, neutral, organic,
macromolecule, reactant, product, chemical reaction, monomer, and macromolecule, protein,
carbohydrate, nucleic acid, lipid, monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide, triglyceride,
phospholipid, fatty acid, nucleotide, DNA, and RNA. (Ch. 2 and 3 Triple Entry Vocabulary)
Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for Chlorine. Draw a Bohr model
showing the proper placement and number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. (See journal and
Ch. 2 Basic Chemistry Quiz)
List the characteristics of acids, bases, and neutrals. (pH lab and science journal)
If you had an acidic substance, what color would blue litmus paper turn?
Red litmus paper? (pH lab)
If you had a basic substance, what color would red litmus paper turn?
Blue litmus paper? (pH lab)
Household bleach, a strong base, turns red to blue when using litmus paper to determine the
concentration of OH- ions. What would you predict the pH of household bleach to be? (pH lab)
What is the pH of a substance that shows no color change with blue litmus or red litmus paper?
(pH lab)
Give the monomer units for the following organic compounds: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and
nucleic acids. (Ch. 3 Biochemistry- Molecules of Life Concept Map)
What elements on the periodic table are important to living things? (science journal)
Compare and contrast DNA to RNA. (Ch. 3 C Map)
What type of chemical bonding is formed as a result of electrons being shared between differing
atoms? (Ch. 2 C Map)
What type of chemical bonding does the following example illustrate? (Ch. 2 C Map & Quiz)
12.
Na
+
Cl -------------
Na----Cl
What types of chemical tests are used to determine if a food substance contains sugar, protein,
starch, and/or lipid? (Detecting Compounds in Foods Lab data in science journal)
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Be able to construct a graph given a data table. (pH lab)
Which type of fat, saturated or unsaturated, is bad for you? (Ch. 3 C Map)
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Know the four types of macromolecules. (Ch. 3 C Map)
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Which type of macromolecule do DNA and RNA belong to? Know what each of these molecules
function to do in the human body. (Ch. 3 C Map)
What type of protein is responsible for speeding up the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs?
(Enzyme Activity)
How can you speed up the efficiency of an enzyme? (Enzyme Activity)
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What types of changes can occur in the human body that could denature/destroy enzymes?
(Enzyme Activity & Enzyme Lab)
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List the properties of water that make it so important to living things. (science journal)
Name __________________ Date ________________ Period _______ # _____
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Ch. 2-3 Test Review
Biology
Define the following vocabulary words: atom,
proton, neutron, electron, nucleus, element,
enzyme, compound, mass number, atomic
number, pH, organic, macromolecule, reactant,
product, chemical reaction, monomer, and
macromolecule.
Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and
electrons for Chlorine. Draw a Bohr model
showing the proper placement and number of
protons, neutrons, and electrons.
17
Cl protons = 17
35 neutrons = 35 – 17 = 18
electrons = 17
List the characteristics of an acids and bases.
Acids
Bases
Give off H+ in solution
Give off OH- solution
taste sour
taste bitter
Name __________________ Date ________________ Period _______ # _____
pH from 0 to 6.9
turn blue litmus paper red
pH from 7.1 to 14
turn red litmus blue
4. If you had an acidic substance, what color would
blue litmus paper turn? Blue litmus paper would turn
red if you had an acidic substance.
Red litmus paper? Red litmus paper would not
turn color if you had an acidic substance.
If you had a basic substance, what color would
red litmus paper turn? Red litmus paper would turn
blue if you had a basic substance.
Blue litmus paper? Blue litmus paper would not
turn color if you had a basic substance.
5. Household bleach, a strong base, turns red to
blue when using litmus paper to determine the
concentration of OH- ions. What would you
predict the pH of household bleach to be? The
pH would be somewhere in the 7.1 to 14 range.
6. What is the pH of a substance that shows no
color change with blue litmus or red litmus
paper? The pH of this substance would be 7.
7. Give the monomer units for the following
organic compounds: proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
Substance
Monomer Unit
Protein
Amino Acid
Lipid
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
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Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
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What elements on the periodic table are
important to living things? Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
9. Compare and contrast DNA to RNA.
DNA is double-stranded, has deoxyribose sugar,
and contains the genetic code for an individual. RNA
is single-stranded, has ribose sugar, and functions in
protein synthesis.
10. What type of chemical bonding is formed as a
result of electrons being shared between
differing atoms? A covalent bond is formed
when electrons are shared between atoms. For
example, H2O has covalent bonds.
11. What type of chemical bonding does the
following example illustrate?
Na∙
+
Cl ------------- Na----Cl
Ionic bonding
Name __________________ Date ________________ Period _______ # _____
12. What types of chemical tests are used to
determine if a food substance contains sugar,
protein, starch, and/or lipid?
To test for sugar, you would use Benedict’s
solution and if the food has a simple sugar it
would turn red, orange, yellow, or green. To test
for the presence of starch, you would use iodine
and if the food turns blue-black, it is positive.
To test for protein, you would use Biuret’s
solution and if it turns brown, it is positive for
protein. You would use a brown paper bag to
test for lipid. If the food leaves a greasy spot, it
is positive for lipid.
13. Be able to calculate the total fat, carbohydrate,
or protein calories of a food substance when
given the total fat, carbohydrate, or protein
content.
When looking at a nutritional label for a
NutriGrain Bar, you determine that there are 25 g
of carbohydrate and 10 g of fat (lipid). Calculate
the total number of carbohydrate and lipid
calories in this cereal bar.
Carbohydrates have 4 calories per gram. Total
carb grams = 10 grams, so 25 grams X 4 calories
per gram = 100 calories of carbs. Fats have 9
calories per gram. Total fat grams = 10 grams,
so 10 grams X 9 calories per gram = 90 calories
Name __________________ Date ________________ Period _______ # _____
of fats. 100 carb calories + 90 fat calories = 190
total calories!
14. Be able to construct a graph given a data table
with the appropriate features that I have been
teaching you in class.
15. Which type of fat, saturated or unsaturated, is
bad for you?
Saturated fats and trans fats are the bad fats.
16. Know the four types of macromolecules.
The four macromolecules are proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
17. Which type of macromolecule do DNA and
RNA belong to? They are nucleic acids. Know
what each of these molecules function to do in
the human body. DNA functions to provide
one’s genetic code (instructions). RNA
functions to make protein.
18. What type of protein is responsible for speeding
up the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs?
An enzyme is responsible for speeding the rate at
which a chemical reaction occurs.
19. How can you speed up the efficiency of an
enzyme?
The efficiency of an enzyme can be sped up by
having more substrate available and having more
enzyme available.
Name __________________ Date ________________ Period _______ # _____
20. What types of changes can occur in the
human body that could denature/destroy
enzymes? A change in pH, a change in
temperature, and a change in the amount of salt
the cell is exposed to are all ways an enzyme can
be denatured (misshapen).
21. Water is a polar molecule that looks like
Mickey Mouse’s head. The ears are the
hydrogen atoms which are slightly positively
charged while the face is the oxygen atom which
is slightly negatively charged. This polarity
allows water to expand as it freezes (ice is less
dense than liquid water), has a high surface
tension (adhesion, cohesion, and capillarity), and
has the ability to dissolve most substances
(universal solvent).