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Psychology Ch. 13 Notes, Part 2 Ms. Litza Page 1 Chapter 13: Psych Disorders Notes—Part 2 Section 4: Psychosomatic Disorders Psychosomatic Disorders o _____________________________________________________: there is a real psychical illness that is largely caused by physiological factors such as stress and anxiety EX: tension headaches Caused by muscle contractions brought on by stress Headache is real but considered psychosomatic because stress and anxiety (psychological factors) play an important role in causing symptoms o ___________________________________________________: there is an apparent psychical illness for which there is no organic basis Do not mean to mislead others about their physical condition The symptoms are very real to them, not faked are under voluntary control o _______________________________________________________: person experiences vague, recurring psychical symptoms for which medical attention is sought after repeatedly but no cause is found Common Complaints: back pains dizziness, partial paralysis, abdominal pains, and sometimes anxiety and depression o _____________________________________________: dramatic specific disability has no psychical cause but instead seems related to psychological problems Also, blindness, deafness, seizures, and lose of feeling, or false pregnancy Have healthy muscles and nerves, yet symptoms are very real Usually caused to resolve a difficult conflict or relieves the patient of the need to confront a difficult situation EX: worry yourself sick o ________________________________________________________: person interprets insignificant symptoms as signs of serious illness in the absence of any organic evidence of such illness You have a headache and you assume you actually have a brain tumor o ____________________________________________________: person becomes so preoccupied with his or her imaged ugliness that normal life is impossible EX: think you have big ears and eventually can’t function in regular life Psychology Ch. 13 Notes, Part 2 Ms. Litza Page 2 Section 5: Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Disorders o Disorders in which some aspect of the personality seems separated from the rest Involves memory loss– though temporary– change in identity o __________________________________________: loss of memory from past events without organic cause Usually block out stressful events or periods of life that may seem extremely stressful EX: extreme/ extensive abuse o _________________________________________________________: person has several distinct personalities that emerge at different times Commonly known as multiple personalities In true multiple personalities, the various personalities are distinct people, whit their own names, identities, memories, mannerisms, and speaking voices, and even IQ’s Personalities sharply contrast each other o ____________________________________________________________: essential feature is that people suddenly feels changed or different in a strange way Feel like that have left their bodies, or their actions have become mechanical or dream like Common during adolescence and young adulthood when our sense of ourselves and interactions changes rapidly Section 6: Personality Disorders _____________________________________________________: inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving learned early in life cause distress to the person and/or conflicts with others o EX: harmless eccentrics to cold blooded killers Types of Personality Disorders o ______________________ Personality Disorder: person is withdrawn and lacks feelings for others Lacks desire to form social relationships No feelings towards others Seldom marry, have trouble holding jobs that require them to work with others o ________________________________ Personality Disorder: person is inappropriately suspicious and mistrustful of others There is no reason for suspicion or mistrust Refuse to accept blame or criticism when necessary Guarded, secretive, devious, scheming, and argumentative but see themselves and rational and objective Psychology Ch. 13 Notes, Part 2 Ms. Litza Page 3 o ___________________________________ Personality Disorder: person is unable to make choices and decisions independently and cannot tolerate being alone Underlying fear they will be rejected or abandoned by the important people in their lives o _____________________________ Personality Disorder: person’s fear of rejection by other leads to social isolation Person is timid, anxious, fearful of rejection Social anxiety leads to isolation but unlike schizoid people, they WANT to have close relationship with people o _______________________________________ Personality Disorder: person has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and needs constant admiration Believe they are extraordinary, need constant attention and admiration, display sense of entitlement, and tend to exploit others o ________________________________________ Personality Disorder: marked by instability in self- image, mood, and interpersonal relationships Tend to act impulsively, and often in self-destructive ways, Feel uncomfortable being alone, ad often manipulate self-destructive impulses in an effort to control or solidify their personal relationships—promiscuity, drugs, alcohol, and threats of suicide Common and serious Although genetics do play a role, not an important role in development Usually generates out of exposure to dysfunctional relationships with parents, frequent exposure to domestic violence, and physical or sexual abuse o _____________________________________________________Personality Disorder: involves a pattern of violent, criminal, or unethical and exploitative behavior and an inability to feel affection for others Lie, steal, cheat, and show little to no responsibility, often intelligent, and charming The “con man” Show little to no remorse, guilt or anxiety about behavior Section 7: Schizophrenic Disorders ___________________________________________________________: severe disorders in which there are disturbances of thoughts, communications, and emotions, including delusions and hallucinations. o Lasts for months, even years o Out of touch with reality– ______________________________ is a legal term for mentally disturbed people who are not considered responsible for their criminal actions Psychology Ch. 13 Notes, Part 2 Ms. Litza Page 4 o Suffer from ___________________________—sensory experiences in the absence of external stimulation o Usually takes the form of hearing voices that are not really there o Frequently suffer from ______________________________– false beliefs about reality that have no basis in fact o These delusions are usually __________________________________– believe people are our to harm them o Believe their doctors want to kill them, receiving radio messages from aliens o Distorted thoughts sometimes lead to self-destructive behaviors, increasing their risk from suicide o Difficult to live a normal life unless treated with medication Types of Schizophrenic Disorders o _____________________________________Schizophrenia: bizarre childlike behaviors are common Giggling, frantic gesturing, show childish regard for social conventions and ma urinate and defecate at inappropriate times o ______________________________ Schizophrenia: disturbed behavior is prominent Alternate between catatonic state (mute and immobile) and extremely active state (constant shouting and talking) o __________________________________________Schizophrenia: marked by extreme suspiciousness and complex, bizarre delusions May believe themselves to someone they are not (Napoleon or the Virgin Mary) o ____________________________________________ Schizophrenia: there are clear schizophrenic symptoms that don’t meet the criteria for another subtype of the disorder May have delusions, hallucinations, or incoherence but doesn’t fit into any of the subtypes for the disorder Causes of Schizophrenia o Genetic component People with schizophrenia are more likely to have children with the disorder, as well o May also be related to those who have excessive amounts of the neurotransmitter __________________________________________________