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The Decline and Fall of the Western Roman Empire Chapter 6 Section 5 Essential Questions What caused the Roman Empire to split? What is the importance of Diocletian and Constantine’s reforms? What were the causes and results of the Roman decline? rd 3 Century A.D. 235 – 284 A.D. – 22 emperors Invasions by the Sassanid Persians and German tribes Plague Decline in trade and value of money Couldn’t afford the army Diocletian (284 – 305 A.D.) and Constantine (306 – 337 A.D.) Divided Rome into 4 units Enlarged bureaucracies Increased army’s size and mobility Moved capital to Byzantium (Constantinople) – Bosphorus New economic system Forced people into certain jobs Ensured constant tax base Fall of Rome Empire divided into east and west 4th century – Huns (Asia) moved into Eastern Europe, forced Visigoths into Roman Territory 410 – Visigoths sacked Rome and later into Spain and Gaul Vandals take southern Spain and North Africa, sack Rome in 455 476 – Romulus Augustulus killed by Germanic army (generally considered end of Roman Empire) Eastern Roman Empire continued under rule of Constantinople (another 1000 years) Why did Rome Fall? Christianity weakened Roman military. Non-Italians take high positions in Roman empire. Lead poisoning? Plague Dependent on slavery. Failed political systems.