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Download Grammar Notes - Mrs. Freeman - English II
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Grammar Notes Chapter 8: Using Pronouns (Part 2) English II Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement 2/7 • A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number, gender, and person. • An antecedent is the word – a noun or another pronoun – that a pronoun replaces or refers to. Agreement in Number 2/7 • Most of the time a plural antecedent takes a plural pronoun and a singular antecedent takes a singular pronoun. • Three Trouble Spots: 1. Collective Nouns: Use a singular pronoun to refer to a collective noun whose parts act as a single unit. Use a plural pronoun to refer to a collective noun whose parts act individually. Examples: The orchestra will give its final performance tonight. The orchestra have tuned up their instruments. Agreement in Number, Cont. 2/7 2. Joined by and: A plural pronoun is used to refer to nouns or pronouns joined by and. Example: Marla and Denise played their trumpets together. 3. Joined by or or nor: A pronoun that refers to nouns or pronouns joined by or or nor should agree with the noun or pronoun closest to it. Example: Neither the conductor nor the musicians have taken their places on stage. Agreement in Gender 2/10 • The gender of a pronoun must be the same as the gender of its antecedent. • When the antecedent of a singular pronoun could be either feminine or masculine, you can use the phrase his or her. Example: Each musician played his or her solo. • If using his or her sounds awkward, try making both the pronoun and its antecedent plural. Example: All the musicians played their solos. Agreement in Person 2/10 • The person of a pronoun must patch the person of its antecedent. their Example: All students should bring your favorite CD to class. • The pronouns one, everyone, and everybody are third person and singular. They are referred to by he, him, his, she, her, and hers. Example: Everyone has his or her favorite recordings. Indefinite Pronouns as Antecedents 2/11 • An indefinite pronoun may be the antecedent of a personal pronoun. Singular Indefinite Pronouns • Use a singular personal pronoun to refer to a singular indefinite pronoun. • The singular indefinite pronouns are: another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, much, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody, someone, something Examples: Each of the instruments has its own special sound. Everyone brought his or her clarinet. Indefinite Pronouns, Cont. Plural Indefinite Pronouns • Use a plural pronoun to refer to a plural indefinite pronoun. • The plural indefinite pronouns are: both, few, many, several Examples: Both of the pianists played their own compositions. Few of us brought our sheet music. 2/12 Indefinite Pronouns, Cont. 2/13 Singular or Plural Indefinite Pronouns • Some indefinite pronouns can be singular or plural. They are: all, any, more, most, none, some • If the indefinite pronoun refers to a portion of a whole, use a singular personal pronoun. Example: Some of the music has lost its appeal. • If the indefinite pronoun refers to members of a group, use a plural personal pronoun. Example: Some of the musicians play their instruments.