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3-1 The First Israelites “FAITH OR FACT” • **DISCLAMER: This chapter deals a lot with religion and religious beliefs that are still active today. Much of what is covered can be difficult to understand and prove because it is based on FAITH, meaning a person’s personal religious beliefs, not FACT. These beliefs are important to us as historians because what people believe causes their actions, therefore effecting history. It is not necessary that your believe what others believe, but it is important to understand others’ beliefs. Essential Questions 1) How have Jewish religious beliefs, such as the Ten Commandments, effected modern governments, like that of the United Sates? 2) Explain the importance of the creation of the alphabet by the Phoenicians. 3) Explain how the Israelites’ faith and beliefs affected their lives. Vocabulary Monotheism – the belief in one God Torah – Jewish holy book Covenant – an agreement between two groups Alphabet – a system of writing in which letters represent sound and are combined to create words Who were the Israelites? • Around 1000BC they built a kingdom in Canaan (present-day Israel, Lebanon and Jordan). • The Israelite religion focused on only one God, making it the one of the first monotheistic religions. • The Israelite religion became known as Judaism. This religion has influenced many other major religions and societies. • Spoke a language called Hebrew From the Beginning • The Israelites story begins around 1800 BC with a man who lived in Mesopotamia named Abraham. • According to the story, he was told by God (monotheism) to go with his followers to Canaan, which would become the Jewish “Promised Land” • A long drought forced many of the Israelites to move to Egypt, where they are enslaved. • **Though this is a popular story, there is no archeological evidence of Hebrew slaves living in Egypt. Exodus • Moses leads the Hebrew and works to free them. • God sends the 10 Plagues to trouble Egypt, forces the pharaoh to free the Hebrews. • The escape from Egyptian slavery is known as the EXODUS (celebrated in the Jewish Holiday Passover) Ten Commandments • Important part of the Torah (First part of the Hebrew Bible) • Laws that were received by Moses on the top of Mt. Sinai • 15? • Explains what the Hebrews consider right and wrong • Very influential on modern western government, which were formed by Christians. The Declaration of Independence When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness The Covenant • Moses also made the Covenant with God. • Said that if the Israelites followed God’s laws that God would protect the Israelites and make sure that they have Canaan as their home land. The Promised Land • After a long and difficult 40 year journey, the Israelites finally reach Canaan (their Promised Land) only to find the Canaanites living there. Phoenicians • Group that lived along the Mediterranean Sea. • Skilled traders and sailors. • Created the first alphabet, which influenced the Greeks and Romans. • Invented purple dye. The Phoenicians discovered that crushed shellfish oozed a wine-colored goop. Cloth soaked in this substance turned shades ranging from deep pink to rich purple. Royalty soon chose purple as their favorite hue, so every king and queen needed purple dye. Exit Questions • Judaism was one of the world’s first _____________ religion, meaning they believed in only ONE God. 1) Polytheistic 2) Monotheistic 3) Dendrocronolistic • The Exodus is the story of the Israelites escape from slavery in _______________, led by Moses. 1) Canaan 2) Mesopotamia 3) Egypt • The __________________ were a list of laws that Moses was given by God. Not only did they lay out rules for Judaism, but also would effect the ______________, which lays out the rules of America. 1) Ten Commandments / Magna Carta 2) Ten Commandments / U.S. Constitution 3) Five Commandments / Defenestration Pact • The Phoenicians created the world’s first _____________, which would influence those of the Greeks, Romans, and therefore us. 1) Alphabet 2) Pyramid 3) Religion