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Download The Crusades The First Crusade – Overview Timeline AD 1095
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Transcript
The Crusades The First Crusade – Overview Palestine came under rule of Timeline Muslims in 7th Century AD 1095 Pope Urban II preaches the First Crusade Overrun by Turks in 11th 1099 Jerusalem Captured century 1147 Second Crusade 1187 Saladin recaptures Jerusalem Less willing to coexist with 1189-99 Reign of Richard I Christians 1190-92 Third Crusade 1193-94 Richard imprisoned by the German Emperor Coincided with imperial 1204 Fourth ‘Crusade’ – Constantinople (Byzantium) ransacked ambitions of Papacy especially 1212 The Children’s Crusade Pope Gregory 1229-44 Jerusalem recovered by Frederick II 1248; 70 The Crusades of Louis IX of France Alexius of Byzantium appealed 1291 Acre falls to the Saracens for help to new Pope, Urban II, in 1095 Church Council in Nov. 1095 urging nobles and knights to free the Holy Land from the Saracens. Speech created a wave of ‘pilgrimages’ Including the ‘People’s Crusade’ led by Peter the Hermit, defeated in 1096 Real crusade with leaders such as Gregory of Bouillon, Raymond of Toulouse, Tancred from Germany A violent horde of knights determined to free the Holy Land Did not care who they attacked including Jews (in Germany), Christians, and Muslims Alexius not happy when this huge horde arrived. They threatened Byzantium, captured Edessa (Ur) by a ruse, engaged in cannibalism, massacred the inhabitants of Antioch, and violently slaughtered the Muslims in Jerusalem Jerusalem captured in 1099. ‘Entering the city, our pilgrims pursued and killed Saracens up to the temple of Solomon .... so that their blood flowed throughout the temple. Finally ... our knights seized a great number of men and women, and killed whom they wished .... Soon the crusaders ran throughout the city, seizing gold, silver, horses, mules and houses full of all kinds of goods. Then rejoicing and weeping from extreme joy, our men went to worship ... our Saviour Jesus.’ 11th Century Chronicle.