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Do Now: European vs. Japanese Feudalism Middle Ages Religion - The Power of the Catholic Church The Church played a far greater role in the Middle Ages than the Church does today. In Middle Ages, the Church dominated everybody's life. All Medieval people - be they rich or poor - believed that the Christian God, Heaven and Hell all existed. From the very earliest of ages, the people were taught that the only way they could get to Heaven was if the Roman Catholic Church let them. Everybody would have been terrified of Hell and the people would have been told of the sheer horrors awaiting for them in Hell in the weekly services they attended. All Christians paid 10% of what they earned in a year to the Church (this tax was called tithes). Tithes could be paid in either money or in goods produced. As serfs had little money, they almost always had to pay in seeds, harvested grain, animals etc. This usually caused a peasant a lot of hardship as seeds, for example, would be needed to feed a family the following year. People were told by the Church that a failure to pay tithes would lead to their souls going to Hell after they had died. Japanese Feudal Class European Feudal Class Reasons they are similar (jobs) In addition to collecting tithes, the Church also accepted gifts of all kinds from individuals who wanted special favors or wanted to be certain of a place in heaven. The power of the Catholic Church grew with its wealth. The Catholic Church was then able to influence the kings and rulers of Europe. Opposition to the Catholic Church would result in excommunication. This meant that the person who was excommunicated could not attend any church services, receive the sacraments and would go straight to hell when they died. 1. Why did the Church have so much power during the Middle Ages? 2. How did the Church become so wealthy? 3. What could the Church do if you disobeyed them? Why did people fear this? 4. Where would you put “Church Officials” on the European Feudalism Chart? The Background of the Crusades What was a crusade? Crusade comes from the Latin word crux, meaning a ‘cross’. It referred to the cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified and to go on a crusade meant going to fight for Christ. In 1100, it meant going to fight the Muslims in the Holy Land, around Jerusalem, where Christ had lived.andlims Muhammad and Muslims Muhammad was born in the city of Mecca in AD 570. He founded a great religion and his followers were called Muslims. Some of his followers were warlike and over the next few hundred years they captured land around the Mediterranean Sea. In AD 637, the Muslims captured the city of Jerusalem, which was a holy city to Christians because Christ had lived and died in that area. Jerusalem Q1. How does the word crusade get its name? For a long time, the Muslims allowed Christian to visit Jerusalem as pilgrims, and many thousands made the journey from Europe. Then, in 1071, a group of fanatical Turkish Q2. What was a crusade? Muslims captured Jerusalem. They would not tolerate Christians and began to ill-treat them.II call s for a Pope Urban II calls for a crusade Q3. How did Muslims get involved in the Pope Urban II heard of this and in 1095 called a mass meeting Christian crusades? in France of all the knights of Christendom. He made a passionate speech to them, calling on them to fight against the evil enemy to regain Jerusalem. At the end of his speech, Q4. What happened in 1071? thousands surged forward, shouting that they were ready to fight and die for Christ. Urban appealed to the knight's religious convictions. Q5. What was Pope Urban II’s response? What Urban said Muslim Turks were robbing and torturing might have motivated him to do this? Christian pilgrims journeying to the holy land. The war offered knights a chance for glory and wealth. irst Crusade 1096 The First Crusade Q6. How many soldiers went? How long did it The next year they set off on the First Crusade. There were take them to get there? about 30,000 foot soldiers and 10,000 knights on horseback, among them Robert, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. They made their way through Europe and into Turkey, finally Q7. What was the outcome of the first crusade? reaching Jerusalem three years after they set off. They took Jerusalem in 1099, and held the city and the land around it for the next 87 years. Q8. How did the Crusades effect Europe? Effects of the Crusades European merchants, primarily Italians, established communities in the Crusader states. This encouraged trade and commerce between Muslims and Europeans. These trade routes will eventually aid in spreading the Plague which results in the death of 1/3 of the European population.