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Transcript
World War II THE TIDE BEGINS TO TURN British had been using Malta as a base of operations to harass the German supplies to Africa Germany renewed attacks against Malta in December of 1941 Japan’s other December attacks December 7: Guam and Wake Islands December 7: British owned Malaya Japanese swept through in 67 days February 15, 1942: Singapore falls December 10: the Philippines General Douglas MacArthur February, 1942: MacArthur leaves May, 1942: Corregidor falls December 18-25: Hong Kong overrun Bataan Death March Bataan Death March Bataan Death March Early 1942 – Around the World Libya (Late January to May) German Africa Korps recovers British forces pushed back 350 miles to El Alamein Pacific Theater Burma (May): Thailand forced to sign alliance with Japan Netherlands East Indies (end of 1941 to summer 1942) Japan conquers Java, the Gilberts, the Solomon Islands, and the Bismarck Archipelago Japan attacks New Guinea Sumatra falls by the summer Russian Front Despite heavy losses over the winter, Hitler launches another attack Hitler pushes towards Stalingrad The Tokyo Raid (Doolittle’s Raid) Battle of Coral Sea (May) Battle of Coral Sea (May) • North of Australia • Both sides suffered heavy losses but America won the battle Battle of Midway (June) Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1v4I6RGRW50 US broke Japan’s code Japan attacked the Aleutian Islands (Alaska) Japan’s main attack against Midway is launched After 2 days of heavy fighting, the US won a decisive victory Japanese losses: 4 aircraft carriers 2 large cruisers 3 destroyers Over 300 aircraft US losses 1 aircraft carrier and 1 destroyer 145 aircraft The South Pacific • Guadalcanal and the Solomon Islands (August) • Japanese were entrenched • 6 months of fighting • 1st Japanese-held territory taken by US • New Guinea • Japanese push further inland • US and Australian forces stop them American War Effort at Home Private Citizens “Victory Gardens” Scrap metal drives Rubber drives Enlistment increased African-American opportunities Women in the workforce U.S. Government War-time manufacturing Office of Scientific Research and Development (DDT / Bazooka / Radar) Propaganda Executive Order 9066 Battle of Stalingrad • Summer 1942: Allies start bombing German factories • German forces outside Stalingrad begin a major artillery attack on the city • November: Russian forces counterattack, push the Germans back, and then encircle then • January 1943: German forces at Stalingrad surrender • New British commanders • General Sir Harold Alexander • Lt-General Sir Bernard Law Montgomery • October-November: Montgomery attacks Rommel and forces the Germans out of Egypt within weeks • January 1943: Africa Korps forced to retreat 1400 miles losing 59,000 casualties and hundreds of tanks Battle of El Alamein • Allies open a new battlefront by landing forces in French North Africa • US Lt-General Dwight D. Eisenhower • Vichy French forces change sides to join the Allies • Germany occupies the rest of France Operation Torch
