Download 20.2 THE EARLY BATTLES

THE EARLY BATTLES
Chapter 20, Section 2
By Thomas Parsons
Learning Targets:
1.) Describe and explain the Japanese
Island hopping campaign and its effect on
the US military.
2.) Explain the importance of the Battle of
Stalingrad and its impact on the war in
Europe.
I. Holding the Line Against Japan
A.
Early in 1942 the US could do little to stop advancing
Japanese into Southeast Asia
1.
2.
Commander of the United States Navy - Admiral Chester Nimitz
Japan attacked American airfields in the Philippines and landed
their troops in the islands
B. US retreats from the Philippines
1. Commander of the Americans and
Filipinos defending the Philippines was
General Douglas MacArthur
2. He decided to take his badly
outnumbered troops and retreat to the
Bataan Peninsula.
3. Roosevelt ordered the general to
evacuate to Australia.
4. The Allied defenders of Bataan finally
surrendered
5. Thousands died on the Bataan
Death March to a Japanese
prison camp.
6. In May, 1942 the US Army
surrendered in the island of
Corregidor
C. The Doolittle Raid April 18th, 1942
1. Lieutenant Colonel
James Doolittle was
put in command of
the mission that
bombed Japan on
April 18
2. Using B-25 bombers
they took off from the
aircraft carrier Hornet
and ditched in China
3. Moral victory for US,
scared the Japanese
4. Forced Japanese
leaders to change
their strategy
D. a change in Japanese Strategy
1. The Japanese planned an attack on Midway Island –
2. Midway was the last American base in the North Pacific
west of Hawaii
3. The plan was to lure the American fleet into battle to be
destroyed by the Japanese.
4. This would cut American supply lines to Australia.
5. The plan failed because the United States had a team of
code breakers based in Hawaii that broke the Japanese
Navy’s secret code for conducting operations.
E. March 1942, The Battle of
Coral Sea
1. The US sent two aircraft carriers
to intercept the Japanese attack
on New Guinea
2. All air battle
3. The Lexington was sunk
4. The Yorktown was damaged
5. The Japanese called off their
attack
6. Supply lines to Australia stayed
open
F. The Battle of Midway
1. The turning point in the war in the Pacific
2. Americans shot down 38 Japanese planes
and destroyed four Japanese carriers.
3. This stopped the Japanese advance into the
Pacific.
II. Turning Back the Germans
A.
A. Stalin (Soviet
Leader) urged
Roosevelt to open a
Second Front in
Europe.
1.
2.
Prime Minister Churchill
wanted to be more
cautious and attack to
periphery, or edges, of
Germany.
In July 1942, Roosevelt
ordered the invasion of
Morocco and Algeria,
French territories
indirectly under German
control
B. November 8, 1942, the American invasion of North
Africa began Commanded by General Dwight D.
Eisenhower..
1. The American forces in
Morocco were led
byGeneral George
Patton and captured the
city of Casablanca.
2. Battle of Kasserine
Pass
a. Americans faced the
German army for the
first time.
b. Outmaneuvered and
out-fought, Americans
suffered huge losses.
3.
4.
5.
The general in charge
was fired and Patton
was put in command.
American and British
forces finally pushed
the Germans back in
Pincher movement.
On May 12, 1943,
German forces in
North Africa
surrendered at
Tunisia.
C.
After Germany declared War on the United States, German
submarines began sinking American cargo ships along the
American East Coast.
1. Convoy System improved situation- cargo ships traveled in
groups, escorted by navy warships.
2. The German submarine campaign continued into the spring of
1942.
3. From July on, American shipyards produced more ships than
German submarines could sink.
D. The Battle of Stalingrad
1. Turning point for the war
in Europe
2. Hitler wanted to defeat
the Soviets by destroying
their economy.
3. So he ordered his army to
capture oil fields,
industries, and farmlands
vital to the Soviet
economy.
4. The Germans tried to capture Stalingrad, but the
Soviets held their ground.
5. The Germans were surrounded and surrendered.
6. The Germans lost 250,000 troops.
7. Put the Germans on the defensive.
Closing Assessment:
1.) What was the outcome of the Japanese
invasion of the Philippines Island, and the
fate of the American troops stationed there?
2.) Explain the importance of the Battle of
Stalingrad and did this event impact
Germany’s ability to win WWII?