Download General Psychology 200 Study Guide Test 2

General Psychology 200 Study Guide Test 2
1. According to Freud, _________material is not currently in awareness but is readily available to
awareness.
-subconscious
-preconscious
-unconscious
2. Your nephew is nearly 7 years old, and still wets the bed at night. This problem is probably the result of
-sleep terrors
-immaturity in his nervous system
-his premature birth
3. Your little sister sat up in the bed the other night, and began to talk incoherently, and moved about wildly.
She is most likely experiencing a:
-night terror
-nightmare
-pseudo memories
4. A synthetic opioid that is used to treat physiological dependence on heroin is:
-Morphine
-methadone
-cocaine
5. Marijuana is usually classified as a(n)?
-hallucinogen
-stimulant
-opioid
6. Smoking marijuana interferes with performance in the areas such as?
-time management
-remembering new information
-all of the above
7. LSD flashbacks are? -unavoidable and experienced by all LSD users -distorted perceptions that mimic
a previous LSD experience
-only a myth used drug addicts in denial
8. The reasons that Ivan Pavlov’s dogs began salivating in response to an assistant entering the
Laboratory, was because?
-the dogs had been conditioned through association
-the assistant had previously brought food to the animal
-both b and c are correct
9. The ________ theory of classical conditioning suggests that learning occurs only when the conditioned
stimulus provides information about the unconditioned stimulus.
-imagery
-contingency
-behavioral
10. Taste aversions are fascinating examples of?
-operant conditioning
-classical conditioning
-insight learning
11. The term extinction can be a bit misleading because?
-a CS is never extinguished
-we see spontaneous recovery of CRs
-the US always elicits a CR
12. The two behavior-therapy methods of flooding and systematic desensitization are based on
the principle of?
-punishment
-extinction
-higher order conditioning
13. Your three-year-old daughter learned very quickly that it is not very pleasant to stick a safety pin in a
light socket because of the electric shock she received. This is a classic example of?
-classical conditioning
-operant conditioning
-counter conditioning
14. After studying cats in the puzzle box, _______ came up with the “Law of Effect”
-Watson
-Thorndike
-Pavlov
15. Working hard to avoid the loss of your pay check next week is an example of a? -positive, secondary,
delayed reinforcer -negative, secondary, delayed reinforcer -negative, primary, delayed reinforcer
16. Avoidance of punishment is supported by the following: -punishment can create anger and
hostility
-punishment only suppresses the unacceptable behavior
-punishment does not teach correct responses
-all of the above
17. We stop at a red traffic light and go when it is green because individually, lights serve as:
-reinforcers
-discriminative stimuli
-generalized stimuli
18. The book gives an example of a pigeon getting rewarded for pecking a button only in the presence of a
green light. We can then safely assume that: -it is innate for pigeons to peck only when green lights
are on
-pecking behavior when the light is off will become extinguished
-pigeons have superior color vision
19. A car dealer’s summer and fall incentive programs are an example of a?
-fixed interval schedule
-fixed ratio schedule
-variable ratio schedule
20. A rat that was allowed to roam freely in a maze without reinforcement, will later find food at the end
of the maze faster than a rat that never saw the maze before because of?
-shaping
-contingency planning
cognitive mapping
21. Endel Tulving, the cognitive psychologist, classifies memories according to the?
-type of information stored -ease of learning -part of brain in which material is stored
22. Jason, straining his eyes on the deck of a ship, is trying to memorize distant landmarks to the
harbor entrance. He most likely is using a(n)?
-acoustic code -visual code -semantic
23. Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed the three stages of memory referred to as? -episodic, implicit
semantic
-sensory, short-term, and long-term
-sensory, semantic, and implicit
24. Which of the following is not true regarding long-term memory? -the capacity is unlimited
-there is a tendency to replace new information with old information
-it is analogous to a biochemical “hard drive”
25. Susan, Judd, and Melanie work at a music store in the mall. Susan always walks through the café area
to get to the music store but seldom eats there because she usually brings her lunch from home.
Melanie walks through the café area and often has lunch there. Judd does not walk through the café
But frequently eats lunch there and pays special attention to his diet. Who is most likely to remember
what restaurants are in the café area? -Melanie
-Judd
-Susan
26. The mnemonic device “I before e except after c” is based upon a(n)?
-semantic code
-acoustic code
-visual code
27. The concept of method of savings was developed by Ebbinghaus to study the efficiency of?
-relearning
-repression
-recognition
28. False memory syndrome refers to?
-fantasy and dreams -all repressed memories
-pseudo memories that form because of suggestive questioning
29. The structural changes in the brain that take place with the formation of new episodic
memories most likely begin in the? -cerebral cortex
-hippocampus
-thalamus
30. What part of the memory system is the prefrontal cortex thought to play?
-storage bins
-sensory switch board
-executive center
31. Examples that best match the essential features of categories are called?
-concepts
-prototypes
-ideas
32. “Look before you leap” may be used as a(n) _______ to avoid danger.
-heuristic
-mental set
-intuition
33. Heuristics are often based on problem-solving strategies that worked in the ______?
-past
-present
-both a and b
34. Liana described her symptoms to Dr. Ashley, who told her that her illness was just a case of
the flu virus that has been infecting many of his patients. Dr Ashley probably used ____ to
come to his diagnosis. -an algorithm
-an analogy heuristic -an analogy heuristic
35. Dr. Newson, an intern in pediatrics, takes note of the symptoms described by the infant’s parents,
then checks the baby’s temperature, then listens to the baby’s breathing, and finally orders a
blood test. Dr. Newson is probably using _____ in making a diagnosis.
-serial processing
-parallel processing
-mental set
36. Tom received an A in his composition class last semester. He assures that his research paper for his
psychology class can be done the same way he did papers for the composition class. He
employing a _______ to solve the this problem
-false assumption
-mental set
-lucky guess
37. When asked to list the ways in which a brick can be used, Tom replied with a number of various
building projects. His response was most likely influenced by ________.
-novel thinking
-functional fixedness
-creative processing
38. You just met your new supervisor and perceived her to be cold, calculating and intimidating.
Your friend, who has worked with this individual before assures you the supervisor isn’t really like
you perceive. You have doubts about your friend’s perception because of?
-basic heuristics
-anchoring and adjustment heuristics
-availability heuristics
39. Mr. Dithering, an office manager of a service company, believes that he is an excellent judge of
character and then he can spot a talented prospective employee in a belief interview. Often he
point out his successful hires but fail to acknowledge poorly performing employees he hired.
Dithering’s judgment suffers from? -overconfidence -a lack of confidence –divergent thinking
40. Many cultures transmitted complex knowledge from one generation to the next without writing
or printing. What property of oral language permits the transmission of knowledge across
generations? -displacement
-phonology
-semanticity
41. The psychologist _____ was most instrumental in coining the term ebonics
-Wolfgang Kohler
-Robert Williams
-B.F. Skinner
42. According to psycholinguistic theory, the inborn tendency to acquire language is called a?
-language acquisition device
-reinforcement contingency -heuristic device
43. Bilingualism is most common among?
Immigrants
-Europeans -all of the above
44. The sink or swim method for educating bilingual children in English is called?
-flooding
-total saturation
-total immersion
45. Which of the following statements is false regarding the relationship between language
and cognition?
-you can think without using language
-you can’t think without
using language
-knowledge can be acquired without language
True/False
46. Stimulants are to depressants as cocaine is to alcohol.
47. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome involves a vitamin C deficiency and is linked to chronic
drinking.
48. Memory involves three processes: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
49. Short-term memory has a limited capacity
50. Maintenance rehearsal involves a deeper level of processing information than elaborative
rehearsal