Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name ________________________________ Hour ____ STUDY GUIDE: INTRO TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1. Both Anatomy and Physiology are biological terms used to describe the study of the body, typically the human body. However, in some college courses Anatomy is studied separate from Physiology. What is the difference between Anatomy and Physiology? 2. The structures of the body are organized into successively larger and more complex structures. Fill in the answer blanks with the correct terms for these increasingly larger structures. (Try to do this without looking it up first!) Atoms Molecules Organelles ___________ ______________ _____________ _______________ Organism 3. Identify which organ system fits best with each statement. Choices: Car = Cardiovascular (Circulatory) Res = Respiratory (Circulatory) Inte = Integumentary (Skin) Mus = Muscular Endo = Endocrine Ner = Nervous __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ 1|Page a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. Excr = Excretory (Urinary) Repr = Reproductive Dig = Digestive Skel = Skeletal Lym = Lymphatic (Circulatory) Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes Is affected by the removal of the thyroid gland Evaluates the environment and stimulates the body to respond if need be Provides support and levers on which the muscular system can act Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood Remembers what a virus looks like for future exposure to the disease Breaks down food into small particles that can be absorbed Protects the underlying organs from drying out Destroys foreigners such as bacteria and tumor cells Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues Removes carbon dioxide from the blood Moves the limbs; allows for facial expression Conserves body water or eliminates excess Allows conception and childbearing Controls the body with chemicals called hormones Is damaged when you cut your finger or get a severe sunburn Responds quickly to maintain homeostasis 4. The human body contains two main cavities. Define cavity as it relates to the body: 5. Label the following cavities on the drawing below: Dorsal, Ventral, Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic, Cranial, Spinal. Label the diaphragm as well. Then highlight the Dorsal cavity in either pink or blue and the Ventral body cavity in either yellow or green. Source: http://www.biologycorner.com/anato my/chap1_notes.html or http://www.biologycorner.com/anato my/images/BodyCavity2_label.jpg July 17, 2008 8 6. What structure separates the Thoracic from the Abdominopelvic cavity? ________________ 7. Using the choices, identify which body cavity the following organs would be located in. Choices: ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 2|Page A = Abdominopelvic cavity T = Thoracic cavity a. Stomach b. Small intestine c. Large intestine d. Lungs e. Spleen f. Liver g. Spinal cord C = Cranial cavity S = Spinal cavity ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ h. Bladder i. Brain j. Heart k. Pancreas l. Gall bladder m. Thymus gland n. Kidneys 8. Match the appropriate anterior regional terms to the descriptions below. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Abdominal Antecubital Axillary Brachial Buccal Cervical Crural Digital ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Femoral Frontal Inguinal Mammary Mental Nasal Oral Orbital Q. R. S. T. U. V. Patellar Pelvic Plantar Pubic Sural Umbilical a. Armpit b. Shin area c. Thigh region d. Neck region e. “Belly button” area f. Genital area g. Anterior aspect of elbow h. Area where the trunk meets thigh i. Cheek j. Forehead region k. Chin 9. Match the appropriate posterior regional terms to the descriptions below. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Acromial Antebrachial Brachial Carpal Cephalic Cervical Cranial ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 3|Page H. I. J. K. L. M. N. Digital Femoral Gluteal Hallux Lumbar Olecranon Plantar a. Buttock area b. Posterior aspect of head c. Back area from ribs to hips d. Upper arm e. Forearm f. Calf region g. Back of knee h. Wrist i. Elbow region j. Bottom of foot O. P. Q. R. S. T. Pollex Popliteal Sacral Sural Tarsal Thoracic 10. The following images were taken of the cervical region. List which body plane each image represents. One of the choices will be used twice. Choices: Sag = Sagittal plane Hor = Horizontal plane Cor = Coronal plane a. _____ c. _____ b. _____ d. _____ Source: http://www.ajnr.org/content/vol27/issue10/images/large/zj40100602330001.jpeg July 17, 2008 11. Sometimes these body planes are referred to by other names. a. What is the sagittal plane called that is directly in between the left and right sides of the body? (List both possibilities.) b. What other term is used to represent the horizontal plane? c. What is another name for the coronal plane? 4|Page 12. Anatomical directions: Complete the paragraph to the right using the following choices. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. Anterior Distal Frontal Inferior Lateral Medial Posterior Proximal Sagittal Superior Transverse In the anatomical position, the face and palms are on the _________ body surface, the buttocks and shoulder blades are on the __________ body surface, and the top of the head is the most __________ part of the body. The ears are _________ to the shoulders and _________ to the nose. The heart is _________ to the spine and _________ to the lungs. The elbow is _________ to the fingers but _________ to the shoulder. In humans, the dorsal surface can also be called the _________ surface; however, in four-legged animals, the dorsal surface is the _________ surface. If an incision cuts the heart into right and left parts, the section is a _________ section, but if the heart is cut so that anterior and posterior parts result, the section is a _________ section. If the heart is cut into superior and inferior halves, the section is a __________ section. 13. Define homeostasis? 14. Identify the receptor, control center, and effector in the following example: Walking outside in cold weather, the skin senses a drop in temperature sends a signal to the brain. The body responds to warm the body up so that it doesn’t feel as cold. This response is what we call “shivering”. Once the body is warmed up, the control center stops sending a signal to the muscles to contract to produce this response. Receptor _____________ Control center ______________ Effector _______________ 15. Give another example of a negative feedback mechanism other than body temperature. Adapted from the study guide “Chapter 1: The Human Body – An Orientation” from Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, Fourth Edition (1994) by Elaine N. Marieb. 5|Page