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CP Biology TAKE-HOME ASSIGNMENT February 2012 ECOLOGY Ch.3-6 Name_____________ Period ____________ Date Assigned: ____________ DATE DUE: _____________ (LATE PENALTY – 5 points/ day) **This is an independent assignment** Use your TEXTBOOK (not ask.com) Grade value of this packet: 50 points a. Concept review questions (35 points) b. Three activity/review sheets (15 points) Ecology is the subject of Unit 2 in your text, comprising Chapters 3-6. This packet and subsequent class time will focus on basic concepts and terminology to establish a sound framework, which will be expanded upon in class and followed by an assessment. 1 C.P. BIO: ECOLOGY CONCEPT REVIEW TYPE your answers to the following questions in complete sentences. (Attach it to this packet.) Chapter 3 : The Biosphere 1. What is ecology? How do earth’s biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) parts interact to affect the survival of organisms? 2. What is a trophic level? What is meant by “The 10% Rule” and why does it limit the total number of trophic levels in an ecosystem? 3. How does the way that matter (chemicals) moves through the biosphere differ from the way energy flows? 4. List four substances that cycle between living and nonliving parts of the biosphere. Why is it important for nutrient materials to cycle? Chapter 4: Ecosystems and Communities 5. Name three greenhouse gases and explain how they warm the earth’s surface temperature. 6. What is an ecological niche? How does an organism’s niche and competition among organisms shape communities? 7. What is symbiosis? Describe how mutualism differs from commensalism and give an example of each. 8. Give an example of competitive exclusion and of resource sharing. Chapter 5: Populations 9. What is carrying capacity? What happens when a population reaches its carrying capacity in a particular environment? 10. What are some factors that control the size of a population? 11. What are limiting factors? What happens when a population is introduced into a new environment? Chapter 6: Humans in the Biosphere 12. Describe three ways humans affect regional and global environments. 13. Why does pollution often affect organisms at the top of the food chain more than those at lower trophic levels? 2 Name Class Date 3.1 What Is Ecology? Complete the following statements, using the Word Bank. Biome Biosphere Community community biotic organism ecosystem population ecology Organization in the Environment ____________ is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment. There are several levels of organization in the biosphere: 1. A(n) ______________________ is an individual living thing. 2. A group of the individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area is called a __________________________ 3. A collection of different populations that live together in the same area is called a _____________________ 4. The ____________________________ includes all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their physical environment. 5. A group of ecosystems that have similar climates and organisms is called a _______________________ 6. All the biomes on earth make up the ______________________, which is all the parts of the earth where life can be found.. Label each level in the biosphere 3 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Use the terms in the box to fill in the Venn diagram. List parts of the environment that consist of biotic factors, abiotic factors, and some components that are a mixture of both. air animals bacteria soil fungi plants precipitation temperature sunlight Both Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors All the living components of an ecosystem are called the ___________ factors. All the non-living components of an ecosystem are the ______________ factors. Food Chains and Food Webs 1. Complete the table about feeding relationships. Feeding Relationships Relationship Description Food Chain Food Web 1. DRAW ARROWS between the organisms to show how energy moves through this food chain. 2. WRITE producer, herbivore, or carnivore under each organism. 3. WRITE 1st for first-level consumer, nd 2Name for nAnnAME second-level consumer, rd 3 for third-level consumer, or 4th for fourth-level consumer 4 Ch. 4.2 - Niches and Community Interactions Complete the Lesson Summary, using the Word Bank. Survive water niche nutrients reproduce habitat mutualism predation competitive commensalism community parasitism The Niche Every species has its own tolerance, or a range of conditions under which it can grow and________________. A species’ tolerance determines its______________, the place where it lives. A ____________consists of all the physical and biological conditions in which a species lives and the way the species obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce. An organism’s niche must contain all of the resources an organism needs to __________. A resource is any necessity of life, such as _________, _______, light, or space. Competition Competition occurs when organisms try to use the same limited resources. Direct competition between species often results in one species dying out. This is the basis of the _______________ exclusion principle. This principle states that no two species can occupy exactly the same niche in exactly the same habitat at the same time. Competition helps to determine the number and type of species in a community. Symbioses Symbiosis occurs when two species live closely together in one of three ways: mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism. In _____________________, both species benefit from the relation ship. In ___________________, one species benefits by living in or on the other and the other is harmed. In _________________, one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. Symbiosis Match the examples below with the type of relationship (A, B, or C). A relationship type may be used more than once. A. mutualism B. commensalism C. parasitism 13. a tick living on the body of a deer 14. a bee eating a flower’s nectar and picking up the flower’s pollen 15. a barnacle living on a whale’s skin 16. a tapeworm living in a person’s intestines 17. an aphid providing food to an ant in exchange for protection Niche Three different bluebird species live in the same tree. One species feeds at the top of the tree, the second species feeds in the middle part of the tree, and the third species feeds at the bottom of the tree. Do all three species occupy the same niche? Explain. _______________________________________________________________________ 5