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Transcript
Dopamine, DRD4 and Alzheimer's Dopamine • Dopamine is a neurotransmitter • The D4 receptor is a receptor on cell surface membranes for Dopamine, which when activated inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase reducing the concentration of cyclic AMP in the cell. • DRD4 is one of 5 genes that code for dopamine receptor molecules. Dopamine can bind to each of these but they cause different affects because of the cellular responses they initiate. There are currently over 50 known variants in the DRD4 gene – it is thought that the inheritance of particular variants affects the levels and action of the dopamine. • Alzheimer's patients are known to exhibit diminished levels of dopamine and other neurotransmitters. Disturbances in those levels affect behavior, feelings, appetite and many other systems of the body. • The noncognitive aspects of dementia are usually linked to serotonin and dopamine because those neurotransmitter systems most directly influence mood, emotional balance and psychosis. • Current research indicates medications that alter dopamine levels and transmission may alleviate some of the mood and emotional balance issues that afflict Alzheimer's patients. •DRD4 may be associated with predisposing the development of psychotic or aggressive symptoms in Alzheimers’ disease •The DRD4 receptor helps regulate brain levels of dopamine, a chemical in the brain that is essential for attention and cognition, and variations in DRD4's composition have been linked to Alzheimers’ •People with Alzhiemers’ have a shortage of Acetylcholine in their brain •Dopamine could be deficient in Alzheimers’ patients Alzheimers’ Disease… • During the course of the disease, 'plaques' and 'tangles' develop in the structure of the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. • People with Alzheimer's also have a shortage of some important chemicals in their brains. These chemicals are involved with the transmission of messages within the brain. • carriers of the ApoE4 gene variant have a much higher chance of developing Alzheimer's disease