Download Anatomical Position NOTES

Anatomical Position NOTES
Correct Human Anatomical Position
Standing erect, face forward, arms at the side, palms forward and thumbs out.
Notice the Parallel bones in the Forearm when in the correct anatomical position
When do you reference the Correct Anatomical Position?
RIGHT and LEFT
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Who’s right or left is it?
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If there is a Right or Left, PUT IT!
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You can abbreviate R or L
Anatomical Terms
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Anterior (ventral) – “front” or “in front of”
Posterior (dorsal – “back” or “in back of”
Cranial – “skull or head end”
Caudal – “tail end”
Superior – “upper” or “above another”
Inferior – “below” or “below another”
Medial – “toward the body’s midline”
Lateral – “away from the body’s midline”
Proximal – “close to the point of attachment”
Distal – “away from the point of attachment”
Superficial (external) – “close to the body surface”
Deep (internal) – “deep within the body”
Body Cavities
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Posterior (dorsal) cavity
– Cranial cavity
– Spinal cavity
Anterior (ventral) cavity
– Thoracic cavity
• Pleural cavity – right and left lungs
• Pericardial cavity - heart
• Mediastinum – esophagus, trachea, thymus gland
– Abdominopelvic cavity
• Abdominal cavity – stomach, liver, gallbladder small and large intestine, pancreas, spleen,
appendix
• Pelvic cavity – urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
Body Planes
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Sagittal plane – divides the body into right and left
Frontal plane – divides the body into front and back
Transverse plane – divides the body into top and bottom
Hierarchy
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Cells
Tissues – made up of a group of specialized cells
Organs – made up of a group of specialized tissues
Organ systems – group of organs used together to carry out specialized functions.
– example: Digestive system – made up of teeth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine
Metabolism
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Anabolism – the building up of complex materials from simpler ones… such as proteins from components of
cells.
Catabolism – the breaking down and changing of complex substances into simpler ones… such as in the
formation of energy
Homeostasis
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The body’s ability to maintain itself in a steady state.
This occurs through POSITIVE and NEGATIVE feedback mechanisms.
Serous Membranes
• Parietal – lines the cavity wall
• Visceral – lines the organ
• Pericardium - heart
• Pleura – R & L Lungs
• Peritoneum – Abdominal Cavity
Retroperitoneal – behind the peritoneum
Organs
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Heart
Lungs
Diaphragm
Stomach
Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Small Intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
Large Intestine (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon)
Spleen
Pancreas
Urinary Bladder
R & L Kidney