Download Human Biology 303 Exam 3 Multiple

Human Biology 303
Exam 3
Multiple-Choice Questions (each question 1.5 points)
1) In the stomach, food and gastric juices are mixed together to forma mixture called:
A) Gastrin
B) Pepsin
C) Chyme
D) Secretin
2) Which secretion in the digestive system functions to break down proteins by activating pepsin and to kill off
most bacteria that is ingested with food or drink?
A) Pepsinogen
B) Saliva
C) Blood
D) Hydrochloric Acid
3) The largest organ in the body which has a variety of metabolic regulatory functions in the body is the:
A) Liver
B) Brain
C) Stomach
D) Pancreas
4) Tiny projections which line the small intestine and function to increase the surface area so as to increase
absorption rates are known as:
A) Chyme
B) Villi
C) Cilia
D) Flagella
5) Which accessory organ functions to secrete digestive enzymes that are secreted into a duct system and which
combine with bile prior to entering the small intestine?
A) Pancreas
B) Liver
C) Stomach
D) Large Intestine
6) A liver condition in which the liver becomes too fatty and liver cells are replaced by scar tissue is known as:
A) Hepatitis
B) Hepatosis
C) Fibrosis
D) Cirrhosis
7) Hydrochloric acid not only functions to breakdown connective tissue in meats but also activates what form of
pepsin?
A) Peptase
B) Pepsinogen
C) Pepsodent
D) Peptodioxidase
8) The chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients extracted from the foods and drinks that are ingested takes
place in the:
A) Large intestine
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Colon
9) A digestive structures that absorbs water from indigestible food residue, stores feces, and eliminates them from
the body is called the:
A) Small intestine
B) Stomach
C) Rectum
D) Large intestine
10) A digestive structure that receives feces from the descending colon and is stretched out causing the defecation
reflex to occur is called the:
A) Rectum
B) Ascending colon
C) Descending colon
D) Appendix
11) Very liquid feces are caused by toxins, excessive food, or the ingestion of alcoholic beverages which results in
very little water absorption is called:
A) Constipation
B) Diarrhea
C) Loose colon
D) Cirrhosis
12) A hormone released in the small intestine that stimulates the pancreas to release digestive juices and the gall
bladder to release bile is known as:
A) Gastrin
B) Secretin
C) Cholecystokinin
D) VIP
13) Which is involved in processing food, digestion, and the absorption of nutrients within compartments along a
long tube?
A) GI Tract
B) Colon
C) Rectum
D) Anal canal
14) Which is an enzyme contained in the saliva which functions to breakdown polysaccharides into shorter
carbohydrates chains?
A) Gastrin
B) Secretin
C) Cholecystokinin
D) Amylase
15) The muscular tube that aids in the movement of food from the pharynx to the stomach is known as the:
A) Small Intestine
B) Stomach
C) Anus
D) Esophagus
16) Which is a common ailment characterized by a burning sensation caused by the infiltration of gastric juices and
acids in the esophagus?
A) Heartburn
B) Acidosis
C) Porosis
D) Gastritic stress
17) A passage way in the alimentary canal that is lined with muscle and contracts to cause food, liquids and air to
pass is called the:
A) Larynx
B) Pharynx
C) Sinuses
D) Rectum
18) Which is a J-shaped muscular sac that serves in the temporary storage of masticated food while digestive
enzymes and HCl are released to digest proteins?
A) Large intestines
B) Colon
C) Stomach
D) Esophagus
19) The erosion of the gastrointestinal tract causing a perforation in the tissue resulting in a sore is called a:
A) Pore
B) Hole
C) Perforation
D) Peptic ulcer
20) May liked to eat a lot of high acid fruits such as limes and grapefruit. What impact will this have on her body?
A) Ulcers
B) Scurvy
C) Cessation of peristalsis
D) Enamel damage
21) If a person were unable to produce much of this substance, the gastric juices might destroy the stomach lining:
A) Chyme
B) HCl
C) Mucus
D) Pepsin
22) Streaks of fat in the feces would indicate a failure in which organ?
A) Liver
B) Large intestine
C) Kidneys
D) Esophagus
23) If a person were born with the inability to produce pepsin, how would this affect their digestion?
A) They could not break down lactose
B) They would digest proteins more poorly
C) They would fail to metabolize glucose
D) They would no longer be able to absorb DNA
24) Amber has the sensation of a fire under her breastbone—she especially has this feeling after a meal containing a
spicy tomato sauce that was washed down by lots of strong coffee. What do you think the most likely cause of this
pain is?
A) Ulcer
B) Hepatitis B
C) Heartburn
D) Appendicitis
25) Marie-Therese, living in southern Louisiana, loves to eat raw shellfish from the river but after that last big
hurricane, she started having pain in the abdomen, unexpected fatigue, and the whites of her eyes became yellow.
What is the most likely cause of her problem?
A) Hepatitis A
B) Malaria
C) Hepatitis C
D) Yellow fever
26) Carlotta developed indigestion and pain under her belly button over the weekend. As the workweek progressed,
the pain worsened and moved to a point under the lower right abdomen and she started to vomit and have nausea
and fever. You suspect that she is suffering from:
A) Peptic ulcer
B) Heartburn
C) Colorectal cancer
D) Appendicitis
27) Hepatitis can lead to the destruction of the liver. Which of the following is not an immediate consequence of this
destruction?
A) No bile produced
B) No lipoproteins synthesized
C) No urea created
D) No new red blood cells made
28) If you took a new, strong antibiotic, which vitamin would you most likely need that you hadn’t required before?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin E
29) Cleft palate is a hereditary condition where the hard palate, a part of the roof of the mouth, does not completely
fuse before birth. What things will be more difficult for a newborn with cleft palate?
A) Suckling and breathing
B) Chewing and speaking
C) Swallowing and breathing
D) Looking over its shoulder
30) Stratified squamous epithelium is tissue that can take a lot of physical wear and tear but, compared to some other
tissues, does not absorb water-soluble materials well. Which of the following is least likely to be lined by stratified
squamous epithelium?
A) Mouth
B) Esophagus
C) Small intestine
D) Anus
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions ( each question 2 points)
1) The ________ are located within the gastric pits that line the stomach and contain several types of secretory
cells.
Answer:
2) A complex known as a ________ is a mixture of triglycerides and cholesterol, coated with special proteins that
make it hydrophilic.
Answer
3) ________ is the inflammation of the liver caused by one of six viruses which will attack and destroy liver cells.
Answer:
4) ________ is a hormone secreted by the cells in the stomach lining that circulates through the blood stream and
functions to increase gastric juice release.
Answer:
5) A hormone secreted by the small intestine called ________ stimulates the release of sodium bicarbonate to help
neutralize the pH of the small intestine.
Answer:
6) The first region of the small intestine that receives chyme from the stomach and digestive juices from the
pancreas and liver is called the ________.
Answer:
7) ________ is a mixture of water, ions, cholesterol, bile pigments and bile salts that help in the digestion of lipids.
Answer:
8) The ________ is a muscular pear-shaped sac that stores and releases bile for the digestion of lipids.
Answer:
9) The ________ is a vestigial structure that plays no role in digestion but can become infected and require surgery.
Answer:
10) The ________ contains beneficial bacteria that synthesize vitamins such as vitamin K and some of the B
vitamins.
Answer
11) A portion of the large intestine called the ________ receives fecal matter once the defecation reflex has been
initiated.
Answer:
12) ________ is the fluid secreted by three glands located in the mouth whose major functions are to lubricate food
and aid in the digestion of carbohydrates.
Answer
13) An oral structure composed of skeletal muscle and covered in chemoreceptors, or taste buds, which aids in
taste, speech and manipulation of food is called the ________.
Answer:
Essay Questions ( each question 5 points)
1) Your friend is trying to tell you that bones, including teeth, in humans are not alive. You disagree. Why would
you say that a tooth in an adult is alive?
2) Emery believes it is unhealthy to swallow mucus coming into his mouth so he is always spitting so that it won’t
go down into his esophagus. Explain to him why it wouldn’t matter if he actually swallowed the mucus.
3) If the pancreatic duct were blocked, how would this affect the pH of the small intestine?
4) The disease called yellow fever is caused by a virus that causes the skin and the whites of the eyes to become
yellow. What organ do you think is failing and what symptom is being described?
5) If you had a friend with a peptic ulcer, would you recommend that they take aspirin for the pain? Why or why
not?