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COMORBIDITY 2009 <100> Database EMBASE Accession Number 0020180663 Authors Greenfield L. Wolf-Branigin M. Institution (Greenfield, Wolf-Branigin) Greenfield and Associates, Kensington, Maryland 20895, USA. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Mental health indicator interaction in predicting substance abuse treatment outcomes in nevada.. Source The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse. 35(5)(pp 350-357), 2009. Date of Publication: 2009. Abstract BACKGROUND: Indicators of co-occurring mental health and substance abuse problems routinely collected at treatment admission in 19 State substance abuse treatment systems include a dual diagnosis and a State mental health (cognitive impairment) agency referral. These indicators have yet to be compared as predictors of treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVES: 1. Compare both indices as outcomes predictors individually and interactively. 2. Assess relationship of both indices to other client risk factors, e.g., physical/sexual abuse. METHODS: Client admission and discharge records from the Nevada substance abuse treatment program, spanning 1995-2001 were reviewed (n = 17,591). Logistic regression analyses predicted treatment completion with significant improvement (33%) and treatment readmission following discharge (21%). Using Cox regression, the number of days from discharge to treatment readmission was predicted. Examined as predictors were two mental health indicators and their interaction with other admission and treatment variables controlled. RESULTS: Neither mental health indicator alone significantly predicted any of the three outcomes; however, the interaction between the two indicators significantly predicted each outcome (p < .05). Having both indices was highly associated with physical/sexual abuse, domestic violence, homelessness, out of labor force and prior treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Indicator interactions may help improve substance abuse treatment outcomes prediction. Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse Volume 35 Issue Part 5 Page 350-357 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <102> Database EMBASE Accession Number 0020180659 Authors Black R.A. Serowik K.L. Rosen M.I. Institution (Black, Serowik, Rosen) Inflexxion, Inc. Newton, Massachusetts 02464, USA. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Associations between impulsivity and high risk sexual behaviors in dually diagnosed outpatients. Source The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse. 35(5)(pp 325-328), 2009. Date of Publication: 2009. Abstract BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: It is unknown whether impulsivity is associated with risky sexual behavior in dually diagnosed clients. METHODS: Impulsivity in 51 sexually-active, dually diagnosed clients was assessed by the Barrett Impulsivity Scale, Delayed Discounting Questionnaire, and Wisconsin Card-Sorting Task, and a path analysis of relationship to selfreported risk behaviors was conducted. RESULTS: Recent cocaine use was correlated with risky sexual behaviors and a preference for immediate over larger, delayed rewards trended towards a correlation. CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The association between impulsivity and risky sexual behavior among substance users appears to extend to the dually diagnosed. Implications for HIV prevention are discussed. Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse Volume 35 Issue Part 5 Page 325-328 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <116> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010064492 Authors Oyefeso A. Clancy C. Institution (Oyefeso) Division of Mental Health, Medical School, St Georges, University of London, London, United Kingdom. (Clancy) Department of Mental Health and Social Work, School of Health and Social Sciences, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Comorbidity of executive dysfunction, ADHD and opiate dependence: Implication for treatment improvement. Source Mental Health and Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis. 2(3)(pp 239-246), 2009. Date of Publication: October 2009. Publisher Routledge Abstract There is evidence of the occurrence of executive dysfunction (ED) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among opiate dependents. However, the nature of this relationship and its impact on treatment outcome in this population has not been sufficiently examined. This article speculates on the individual and combined influence of ED and ADHD on treatment response among opiate dependents, examines the implications of these associations for developing novel interventions, and suggests associated workforce development and research priorities. ISSN 1752-3281 Publication Type Journal: Note Journal Name Mental Health and Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis Volume 2 Issue Part 3 Page 239-246 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication October 2009 DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2009 <117> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010064490 Authors Whicher E.V. Abou-Saleh M.T. Institution (Whicher) South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom. (Abou-Saleh) St george'S, University of London, London, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Developing a service for people with dual diagnosis. Source Mental Health and Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis. 2(3)(pp 226-234), 2009. Date of Publication: October 2009. Publisher Routledge Abstract Background: Comorbid severe mental illness and substance misuse occur in 15% of patients attending community mental health teams. Although these patients have poorer outcomes than those without comorbidity, historically they have been inadequately provided for by existing addiction and mental health services. Development: In Richmond, UK, a new service was developed for people with dual diagnosis without extra staffing or financial resources. The model comprised three components: a link worker from the community drug and alcohol team who works with individual mental health teams to offer advice and attend multidisciplinary meetings; a five-day training in dual diagnosis for staff; and a protocol for joint working of patients by both mental health and substance misuse teams. Discussion: The major issue in implementing the model was engaging staff, but overall referral pathways between teams have improved. In addition, the majority of dual diagnosis patients attend joint appointments, and 80 members of staff have completed dual diagnosis training. Conclusion: The Dual Diagnosis Good Practice Guide provides a comprehensive template for developing a dual diagnosis service even in the face of no extra resources. It has taken two years for the model to become fully integrated into mental health services, but on balance has been considered a success by staff and patients. ISSN 1752-3281 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Mental Health and Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis Volume 2 Issue Part 3 Page 226-234 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication October 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <641> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 20155601 Status MEDLINE Authors Wilson N. Cadet JL. Authors Full Name Wilson, Natascha. Cadet, Jean Lud. Institution DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. [email protected] Title Comorbid mood, psychosis, and marijuana abuse disorders: a theoretical review. [Review] [155 refs] Source Journal of Addictive Diseases. 28(4):309-19, 2009 Oct. Journal Name Journal of Addictive Diseases Country of Publication England Abstract There is a need to bridge the gap between the fields of addiction psychiatry and general psychiatry to effectively treat co-morbid substance abuse and psychiatric disorders. This alarming epidemic transcends communities and severely impacts healthcare worldwide, yielding poor treatment outcomes and prognoses for afflicted patients. Because substance abuse can exacerbate or trigger psychosis and mood disorders, it is important to keep these issues in the forefront when evaluating patients. To address some of the complications stemming from not enough interactions between various groups of practitioners, this review addresses the neurobehavioral effects of cannabis use and their impact on patients who suffer from psychotic or affective disorders. The hope is that this article will serve as a spring board for further discussions among practitioners who treat these patients. Greater interactions between caretakers are bound to impact the care of our patients in a very positive way. [References: 155] Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural. Review. Date of Publication 2009 Oct Year of Publication 2009 Issue/Part 4 Volume 28 Page 309-19 COMORBIDITY 2009 <697> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 19291161 Status MEDLINE Authors Georgeson B. Authors Full Name Georgeson, B. Institution Walsingham House, Whitson Street, Bristol, UK. [email protected] Title The Matrix Model of dual diagnosis service delivery. Source Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing. 16(3):305-10, 2009 Apr. Journal Name Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing Country of Publication England Abstract The Matrix Model is essentially a strategy for managing dual diagnosis across a range of agencies. It is a way of implementing partnership working across services and commissioning structures. The Matrix Model was born out of hard experience at the coalface of dual diagnosis treatment at a tier four service in Bristol. A very common experience, which many may recognize, was that clients with complex mental health and addiction needs were being sent from 'pillar to post' in their treatment. Things needed to change. Here is a method of how things can change. Briefly, professionals in the drug/alcohol and mental health fields colocate, working with clients in each other's workspaces. In doing this, they create nodes of integration. These nodes of integration link through parallel-working to create a matrix. Outcome and key recommendation is that professionals in the drug/alcohol and mental health fields co-locate in each other's agencies, adopting an assertive outreach approach to working with dual diagnosis/complex-needs clients. Publication Type Journal Article. Date of Publication 2009 Apr Year of Publication 2009 Issue/Part 3 Volume 16 Page 305-10 COMORBIDITY 2009 <1000> Database PsycINFO Accession Number Peer Reviewed Journal: 2009-10888-007. Title Co-morbidity of drug addiction: An analysis of epidemiological data and possible etiological models. [References]. Publication Date Aug 2009 Year of Publication 2009 Publication History Accepted: Nov 2008 First Submitted: Apr 2008 Author Demetrovics, Zsolt. E-Mail Address Demetrovics, Zsolt: [email protected] Institution Demetrovics, Zsolt: Addiction Research Unit, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary Source Addiction Research & Theory. Vol.17(4), Aug 2009, pp. 420-431. ISSN Print 1606-6359 Other Serial Titles Addiction Research Publisher Information Informa Healthcare; US Other Publishers Taylor & Francis; United Kingdom Publication Type Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal Abstract This review summarizes the literature on psychiatric co-morbidity of substance use. The author overviews general population epidemiological surveys as well as clinical studies, and discusses both DSM axis I and axis II disorders. After presenting epidemiological data the author analyzes the nature of relationship between psychoactive substance use and other mental disorders, and--through examples--four possible models of this relationship are examined. Despite the lack of precisely determined prevalence rates, some definite tendencies could be observed along the consistent results of the studies. Due to methodological problems, however, many questions remain unanswered. Although there are relatively comprehensive studies on psychiatric disorders associated with drug use and drug addiction, the question of causality is relatively unresolved. Theoretically possible relations regarding causality seem to overlap in practice, and in most cases linear type connection is unlikely. It can be concluded that general questions, such as which disorders have a great significance in connection to drug use, can be answered. Additional research is needed, however, to examine the effects of different drug types, race, and gender. Understanding causality also requires further research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract) Copyright HOLDER: Informa UK Ltd. YEAR: 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <151> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009092367 Authors Mannynsalo L. Putkonen H. Lindberg N. Kotilainen I. Institution (Mannynsalo, Lindberg) Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 590, 00029 HUCH Helsinki, Finland. (Putkonen) Vanha Vaasa Hospital, Vaasa, Finland. (Kotilainen) National Authority for Medicolegal Affairs, Helsinki, Finland. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Forensic psychiatric perspective on criminality associated with intellectual disability: A nationwide register-based study. Source Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 53(3)(pp 279-288), 2009. Date of Publication: 2009. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Background: Contrasting views exist over the association of intellectual disability (ID) and criminal offending. This nationwide study attempts to shed further light to expand understanding to substantiate the relation between socio-demographic characteristics, psychiatric co-morbidity and criminal behaviour among the Finnish forensic population with ID. Method: We reviewed all forensic psychiatric examination reports of individuals with ID who underwent a pre-trial forensic psychiatric evaluation in Finland during an 11-year period (1996-2006). Results: One-third of the offenders had been regularly and sufficiently treated as outpatients. Half of the offenders had previous criminality, and the single most common crime was arson. Almost half of the offenders were diagnosed with alcohol abuse/dependence and two-thirds with any substance abuse/dependence. Furthermore, almost half were intoxicated during the index crime. Antisocial personality disorder was diagnosed in 25% of the offenders. Almost half of the offenders were placed in involuntary special care for the ID, which lasted ca 2 years. Among the last-mentioned, two-thirds of the nursing care plans lacked recommended structure. Conclusions: The offenders with so-called triple diagnosis - substance abuse, mental illness and ID -form a small subgroup of criminal offenders with complex needs. The results of the present study underline the importance of close, long-term cooperation among specialists in the field of ID, addiction service, mental health services and forensic psychiatry. copyright 2008 The Author. Journal compilation copyright 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISSN 0964-2633 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Volume 53 Issue Part 3 Page 279-288 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <154> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009086571 Authors Back S.E. Waldrop A.E. Brady K.T. Institution (Back, Waldrop, Brady) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States. (Back) Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Treatment challenges associated with comorbid substance use and posttraumatic stress disorder: Clinicians' perspectives. Source American Journal on Addictions. 18(1)(pp 15-20), 2009. Date of Publication: January 2009. Publisher Informa Healthcare Abstract A significant proportion of individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) meet criteria for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This comorbidity confers a more complicated clinical presentation that carries with it formidable treatment challenges for practitioners. The current study examined sources of difficulty and gratification among clinicians (N = 423) from four national organizations who completed an anonymous questionnaire. As expected, the findings revealed that comorbid SUD/PTSD was rated as significantly more difficult to treat than either disorder alone. The most common challenges associated with treating SUD/PTSD patients included knowing how to best prioritize and integrate treatment components, patient self-destructiveness and severe symptomatology, and helping patients abstain from substance use. The findings increase understanding of SUD/PTSD treatment challenges, and may be useful for enhancing therapist training programs, supervision effectiveness, and designing optimal SUD/PTSD interventions. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 18 Issue Part 1 Page 15-20 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication January 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <162> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009086562 Authors McLeish A.C. Zvolensky M.J. Del Ben K.S. Burke R.S. Institution (McLeish) Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States. (McLeish, Del Ben, Burke) Mental Health Service, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery VAMC, Jackson, MS, United States. (Zvolensky) Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States. (McLeish) University of Cincinnati, (McLeish) Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 2120376, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0376, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Anxiety sensitivity as a moderator of the association between smoking rate and panic-relevant symptoms among a community sample of middle-aged adult daily smokers. Source American Journal on Addictions. 18(1)(pp 93-99), 2009. Date of Publication: January 2009. Publisher Informa Healthcare Abstract The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the moderating role of anxiety sensitivity (AS) in the relation between smoking rate and panic vulnerability variables among a community-based sample of adults. Results indicated that the interaction between AS and smoking rate significantly predicted anxious arousal, agoraphobic avoidance, and anticipatory anxiety. Specifically, participants who reported higher levels of AS and heavier smoking rates reported the highest levels of panic vulnerability. These data suggest that this combination of high AS and heavier smoking is particularly problematic in regard to panic symptoms. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 18 Issue Part 1 Page 93-99 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication January 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <175> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009055060 Authors Korkeila J. Institution (Korkeila) University of Turku, Harjavalta Hospital, Turku, Turkey. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Current trends in psychiatry care in Finland with special focus on private practice psychiatry and psychotherapy. Source Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 63(1)(pp 87-90), 2009. Date of Publication: 2009. Publisher Informa Healthcare Abstract Several previous reforms decentralized Finnish psychiatric services to a great extent. The Ministry of Social Affairs and Health is outlining a proposal for Health Care Law, which makes an effort to centralize and reorganize healthcare. It is not yet possible to see what this will mean for the psychiatric services. In general, the health status of the Finnish population has improved. Although rates of suicides have declined considerably, rates of alcohol-related deaths have risen. Moreover, disability related to major depression has increased drastically, which has lead to a nationwide project called MASTO, which has the aim to improve early detection and treatment of depression. The Ministry of Social Affairs and Health set up a work group, MIND 2009, to draft local working models for mental health and addiction services. To study the significance of psychotherapy in a private practice psychiatric context, the Finnish Psychiatric Association conducted a survey amongst its members. Most psychiatrists in private practice conduct psychotherapy. ISSN 0803-9488 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Nordic Journal of Psychiatry Volume 63 Issue Part 1 Page 87-90 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <176> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009055058 Authors Helseth V. Lykke-Enger T. Johnsen J. Waal H. Institution (Helseth, Lykke-Enger, Johnsen) Department of Psychiatry, Asker and Baerum Hospital, Blakstad, Norway. (Helseth, Waal) Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Substance use disorders among psychotic patients admitted to inpatient psychiatric care. Source Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 63(1)(pp 72-77), 2009. Date of Publication: 2009. Publisher Informa Healthcare Abstract Previous epidemiological and clinical studies have shown high rates of substance use disorders in patients with psychotic disorders. There are few studies from the Scandinavian countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of substance use disorders in a group of Norwegian psychotic inpatients from a specific catchment area. Sixty patients, aged 18-40 years, were interviewed through standardized methods: the Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I). Urine toxicology screens confirmed patients' self-report of recent substance use. The lifetime rate of substance use disorders was 70% when all psychotic disorders were included and 62.5% when substance-induced psychotic disorders were excluded. Fifty percent of all the patients studied had current substance use disorders. The majority of substance use disorders were dependence disorders. Alcohol, amphetamine and cannabis were the dominant substances. The level of comorbidity found in this study is comparable with that found in American studies, despite lower prevalence of substance use in the Norwegian population. The high rate of substance use disorders in psychotic inpatients has implications for the treatment and the organization of psychiatric care for these patients. ISSN 0803-9488 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Nordic Journal of Psychiatry Volume 63 Issue Part 1 Page 72-77 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <234> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009022820 Authors Petty C.R. Monuteaux M.C. Mick E. Hughes S. Small J. Faraone S.V. Biederman J. Institution (Petty, Monuteaux, Mick, Hughes, Small, Biederman) Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren 705, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States. (Monuteaux, Mick, Biederman) Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02115, United States. (Faraone) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Parsing the familiality of oppositional defiant disorder from that of conduct disorder: A familial risk analysis. Source Journal of Psychiatric Research. 43(4)(pp 345-352), 2009. Date of Publication: January 2009. Publisher Elsevier Ltd Abstract Background: Family risk analysis can provide an improved understanding of the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attending to the comorbidity with conduct disorder (CD). Methods: We compared rates of psychiatric disorders in relatives of 78 control probands without ODD and CD (Control, N = 265), relatives of 10 control probands with ODD and without CD (ODD, N = 37), relatives of 19 ADHD probands without ODD and CD (ADHD, N = 71), relatives of 38 ADHD probands with ODD and without CD (ADHD + ODD, N = 130), and relatives of 50 ADHD probands with ODD and CD (ADHD + ODD + CD, N = 170). Results: Rates of ADHD were significantly higher in all three ADHD groups compared to the Control group, while rates of ODD were significantly higher in all three ODD groups compared to the Control group. Evidence for cosegregation was found in the ADHD + ODD group. Rates of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and addictions in the relatives were significantly elevated only in the ADHD + ODD + CD group. Conclusions: ADHD and ODD are familial disorders, and ADHD plus ODD outside the context of CD may mark a familial subtype of ADHD. ODD and CD confer different familial risks, providing further support for the hypothesis that ODD and CD are separate disorders. copyright 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0022-3956 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Journal of Psychiatric Research Volume 43 Issue Part 4 Page 345-352 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication January 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <305> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009280111 Authors Paljarvi T. Koskenvuo M. Poikolainen K. Kauhanen J. Sillanmaki L. Makela P. Institution (Paljarvi) Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 41, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. (Paljarvi, Koskenvuo, Sillanmaki) Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. (Paljarvi, Poikolainen) Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Helsinki, Finland. (Kauhanen) School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. (Makela) Alcohol and Drug Research Group, National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Helsinki, Finland. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Binge drinking and depressive symptoms: A 5-year population-based cohort study. Source Addiction. 104(7)(pp 1168-1178), 2009. Date of Publication: July 2009. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Background Only few prospective population studies have been able so far to investigate depression and drinking patterns in detail. Therefore, little is known about what aspect of alcohol consumption best predicts symptoms of depression in the general population. Participants and design In this prospective population-based two-wave cohort study, a cohort of alcohol-drinking men and women (n = 15 926) were followed-up after 5 years. A postal questionnaire was sent in 1998 (response proportion 40%) and again in 2003 (response proportion 80% of the baseline participants) to Finnish adults aged 20-54 years at baseline. Measurements Alcohol consumption was measured by average intake (g/week) and by measures of binge drinking (intoxications, hangovers and alcohol-induced pass-outs). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory. In addition, information from hospital discharge register for depression and alcohol abuse were linked to the data. Findings This study found a positive association between baseline binge drinking and depressive symptoms 5 years later. Adjustment for several possible confounders attenuated the observed relationships only slightly, suggesting that binge drinking contributes independently to the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Binge drinking was related to symptoms of depression independently of average intake. Conclusions This study supports the hypothesis that heavy drinking, and in particular a binge pattern involving intoxications, hangovers or pass-outs, produces depressive symptoms in the general population. The frequency of hangovers was the best predictor for depressive symptoms. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 104 Issue Part 7 Page 1168-1178 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication July 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <339> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009317150 Authors Selfhout M.H.W. Branje S.J.T. Delsing M. ter Bogt T.F.M. Meeus W.H.J. Institution (Selfhout, Branje, Delsing, ter Bogt, Meeus) Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC, heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, Netherlands. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Different types of Internet use, depression, and social anxiety: The role of perceived friendship quality. Source Journal of Adolescence. 32(4)(pp 819-833), 2009. Date of Publication: August 2009. Publisher Academic Press Abstract The current study examined the longitudinal associations of time spent on Internet activities for communication purposes (i.e., IM-ing) versus time spent on Internet activities for noncommunication purposes (i.e., surfing) with depression and social anxiety, as well as the moderating role of perceived friendship quality in these associations. Questionnaire data were gathered from 307 Dutch middle adolescents (average age 15 years) on two waves with a one-year interval. For adolescents who perceive low friendship quality, Internet use for communication purposes predicted less depression, whereas Internet use for noncommunication purposes predicted more depression and more social anxiety. These results support social compensation effects of IM-ing on depression and poor-get-poorer effects of surfing on depression and social anxiety, respectively. copyright 2008 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. ISSN 0140-1971 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Journal of Adolescence Volume 32 Issue Part 4 Page 819-833 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication August 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <345> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009312798 Authors Fagerstrom K. Aubin H.-J. Institution (Fagerstrom) Smokers Information Centre, Fagerstrom Consulting AB, Berga Alle 1, 25452 Helsingborg, Sweden. (Aubin) Hopital Emile Roux, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Limeil-Brevannes, France. (Aubin) Centre d'Enseignement, de Recherche et de Traitement des Addictions, Hopital Paul Brousse, Paris, France. (Aubin) Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Villejuif, France. (Aubin) INSERM U669, Paris, France. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Management of smoking cessation in patients with psychiatric disorders. Source Current Medical Research and Opinion. 25(2)(pp 511-518), 2009. Date of Publication: February 2009. Publisher Librapharm Abstract Background: There is a close relationship between tobacco smoking and psychiatric disorders, and a higher proportion of individuals with mental health conditions smoke compared with the general population. Due to the increased smoking prevalence in this population, patients with psychiatric conditions are at greater risk of smoking-related morbidity and mortality and experience detrimental effects on their quality of life. However, while the majority of individuals with a history of mental health conditions appreciate that smoking is detrimental to their health, they are less likely to quit smoking and have a lower success rate during quit attempts compared with the general population. Scope: Peer-reviewed articles were identified from PubMed using the inclusive date-range of 1990 - October 2008 and the search terms; depression, mental health, psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia, and smoking cessation. Articles were selected from the search results to provide a general overview of some of the main issues for smokers with psychiatric disorders in general and specifically, those with schizophrenia and depression. The evidence from smoking cessation trials within these populations was also reviewed. Findings: Nicotine has some positive effects on symptoms of psychiatric disorders and it has been proposed that patients with mental health conditions may smoke as a form of self-medication. Further, several studies have shown that some symptoms of psychiatric disorders may be exacerbated by nicotine withdrawal. Therefore, attempts to quit smoking pose additional problems to patients with mental health problems. Conclusion: Traditional programmes for smoking cessation may not always be suitable for psychiatric patients due to their neuropsychological profile. Preliminary evidence suggests that more flexible, openended, combination approaches of pharmacotherapy and counselling may be more successful. In addition, identification and treatment of nicotine addiction remains very low in patients with mental health conditions and far more needs to be done to raise the awareness and ability of psychiatrists to diagnose and treat patients with nicotine problems. copyright 2009 Informa UK Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0300-7995 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Current Medical Research and Opinion Volume 25 Issue Part 2 Page 511-518 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication February 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <353> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009337823 Authors Kallert T.W. Institution (Kallert) Park Hospital Leipzig-Sudost GmbH, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, Morawitzstrasse 2, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany. (Kallert) Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Coercion in psychiatry. Source Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 21(5)(pp 485-489), 2008. Date of Publication: September 2008. Publisher Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper highlights issues in the field of coercion in psychiatry which have gained importance in 2007. RECENT FINDINGS: Reviews on ?involuntary hospital admission? demonstrated negative and positive consequences on various outcome domains. Papers on ?coercion and the law? identified cross-national differences of legal regulations, or addressed justice and equality issues. Studies on the ?patient's perspective?, and ?family burden of coercion? showed that involuntariness is associated with feeling excluded from participation in the treatment. A review on ?outpatient commitment? recommended the evaluation of a range of outcomes if this specific legislation is introduced. ?Coercion in special (healthcare) settings and patient subgroups? needs to be assessed in detail. This refers to somatic hospitals, establishments for mentally retarded patients, prisons, forensic settings, and coercion mechanisms for addiction treatment, eating disorders, and minors. Empirical findings in other areas focused on attitudes towards involuntary treatment; decision variables for involuntary commitment; guidelines on the use of coercive measures; and intervention programs for staff victims of patient assaults. SUMMARY: Coercion in psychiatry is an important area for future clinical and research initiatives. Because of the linkages with legal, human rights and ethical issues, a huge number of individual questions needs to be addressed. copyright 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISSN 0951-7367 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Current Opinion in Psychiatry Volume 21 Issue Part 5 Page 485-489 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication September 2008 COMORBIDITY 2009 <359> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009070455 Authors Kay-Lambkin F.J. Baker A.L. Lewin T.J. Carr V.J. Institution (Kay-Lambkin) Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, PO Box 833, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia. (Kay-Lambkin, Baker, Carr) Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia. (Kay-Lambkin) National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. (Lewin) Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research and Hunter New England Mental Health, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia. (Carr) Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Computer-based psychological treatment for comorbid depression and problematic alcohol and/or cannabis use: A randomized controlled trial of clinical efficacy. Source Addiction. 104(3)(pp 378-388), 2009. Date of Publication: March 2009. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Aims: To evaluate computer- versus therapist-delivered psychological treatment for people with comorbid depression and alcohol/cannabis use problems. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Community-based participants in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. Participants: Ninety-seven people with comorbid major depression and alcohol/cannabis misuse. Intervention: All participants received a brief intervention (BI) for depressive symptoms and substance misuse, followed by random assignment to: no further treatment (BI alone); or nine sessions of motivational interviewing and cognitive behaviour therapy (intensive MI/CBT). Participants allocated to the intensive MI/CBT condition were selected at random to receive their treatment 'live' (i.e. delivered by a psychologist) or via a computer-based program (with brief weekly input from a psychologist). Measurements: Depression, alcohol/cannabis use and hazardous substance use index scores measured at baseline, and 3, 6 and 12 months post-baseline assessment. Findings: (i) Depression responded better to intensive MI/CBT compared to BI alone, with 'live' treatment demonstrating a strong short-term beneficial effect which was matched by computer-based treatment at 12-month follow-up; (ii) problematic alcohol use responded well to BI alone and even better to the intensive MI/CBT intervention; (iii) intensive MI/CBT was significantly better than BI alone in reducing cannabis use and hazardous substance use, with computer-based therapy showing the largest treatment effect. Conclusions: Computer-based treatment, targeting both depression and substance use simultaneously, results in at least equivalent 12month outcomes relative to a 'live' intervention. For clinicians treating people with comorbid depression and alcohol problems, BIs addressing both issues appear to be an appropriate and efficacious treatment option. Primary care of those with comorbid depression and cannabis use problems could involve computer-based integrated interventions for depression and cannabis use, with brief regular contact with the clinician to check on progress. copyright 2009 The Authors. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 104 Issue Part 3 Page 378-388 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication March 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <363> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009312902 Authors Wobrock T. Soyka M. Institution (Wobrock) Georg-August-University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Von-Siebold Strasse 5, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. (Soyka) Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany. (Soyka) Private Clinic Meiringen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CH-3860 Meiringen, Switzerland. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Pharmacotherapy of patients with schizophrenia and substance abuse. Source Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 10(3)(pp 353-367), 2009. Date of Publication: February 2009. Publisher Informa Healthcare Abstract Background: Comorbid substance-use disorder in schizophrenia patients is associated with poor clinical and functional outcome. Objective: To provide evidence-based pharmacological treatment recommendations to improve the disease course of this patient group. Methods: A comprehensive systematic review of the pharmacological studies in this subgroup of patients was performed and the available studies were discussed from the standpoint of evidencebased medicine. Results/conclusion: Slight advantages were found for second-generation antipsychotic agents over conventional antipsychotics with regard to improvement of distinct psychopathological symptoms, reduced craving, and greater reduction of substance use; these findings are mainly derived from open studies or case series. Additional treatment with antidepressants, depending on the patient's psychopathology, as well as with anti-craving agents should be considered. copyright 2009 Informa UK Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 1465-6566 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Volume 10 Issue Part 3 Page 353-367 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication February 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <365> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009337186 Authors Thavichachart N. Tangwongchai S. Worakul P. Kanchanatawan B. Suppapitiporn S. Pattalung A.S. Roomruangwong C. Chareonsook O. Institution (Thavichachart, Tangwongchai, Worakul, Kanchanatawan, Suppapitiporn, Pattalung, Roomruangwong) Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. (Chareonsook) Thailand Center of Excellence for Life Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Posttraumatic mental health establishment of the Tsunami survivors in Thailand. Source Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. 5, 2009. Article Number: 11. Date of Publication: 03 Jun 2009. Publisher BioMed Central Ltd. Abstract The natural disaster known as "the Tsunami" occurred in Andaman coast of Thailand in December 2004, and there had been questions whether it could cause PTSD amongst the population who lives in the affected area and how to avoid PTSD condition to occur. The purpose of this study is to establish statistical results of psychosocial factors, and their correlation to PTSD and other mental disorders in order to generate the PTSD database. Cross sectional community surveys had been conducted in two phases from the same sampling group, the first phase is concerned with prevalence of PTSD, depression and related factors. Results were collected from 3,133 samples and shows that 33.6% suffered from PTSD, 14.27% with depression and 11.27% suffered from both. The second phase is focused on chronic PTSD and other mental disorders 2,573 samples were collected and only 21.6% were diagnosed with chronic PTSD. The statistical analysis has identified risks factors that could cause PTSD, and protective actions which could help to prevent PTSD. copyright 2009 Thavichachart et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. ISSN 1745-0179 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health Volume 5 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication 03 Jun 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <370> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009091271 Authors Kluttig T. Odenwald M. Hartmann W. Institution (Kluttig, Hartmann) Department for Forensic Psychotherapy and Pyschiatry, Reichenau Centre for Psychiatry, Germany. (Odenwald) University of Konstanz, Germany. (Odenwald) Reichenau Centre for Psychiatry, Germany. (Kluttig) Zentrum fur Psychiatrie Reichenau, Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Feursteinstrasse 55, D-78479 Reichenau, Germany. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Fatal violence - From trauma to offence: A case study in forensic psychotherapy and trauma therapy with a migrant patient. Source International Forum of Psychoanalysis. 18(1)(pp 42-49), 2009. Date of Publication: March 2009. Publisher Routledge Abstract That persons who are objects of violence and traumatisation become offenders themselves is a typical feature of ill-fated cycles of violence in countries torn by fierce political, ethnic, and religious conflicts. Some refugees and migrants with this background present a challenge to forensic psychotherapy when they continue such patterns of physical force and criminal behaviour in a host country like Germany, and are found to be either not responsible or of diminished responsibility for their criminal acts by reason of mental disorders or addictions. Their offences create a critical legal situation for them, since they are threatened with deportation. At the same time, their clinical condition is critical, for they were possibly subjected to traumatic experiences by authorities in their past; their cooperation in the treatment can seriously affect their legal status. Finding a way out of these complications has to take these special factors into account. Our paper focuses on the case study of a refugee from North Africa, illustrating a model of cooperation in forensic inpatient treatment, special trauma therapy (narrative exposure therapy), and expert testimony. copyright 2009 Taylor & Francis. ISSN 0803-706X Publication Type Journal: Conference Paper Journal Name International Forum of Psychoanalysis Volume 18 Issue Part 1 Page 42-49 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication March 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <397> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009372394 Authors Sewell R.A. Ranganathan M. D'Souza D.C. Institution (Sewell, Ranganathan, D'Souza) Psychiatry Service, 116A, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, United States. (Ranganathan, D'Souza) Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States. (Sewell, Ranganathan, D'Souza) Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Cannabinoids and psychosis. Source International Review of Psychiatry. 21(2 SPEC. ISS.)(pp 152-162), 2009. Date of Publication: April 2009. Publisher Informa Healthcare Abstract Recent advances in knowledge about cannabinoid receptor function have renewed interest in the association between cannabis and psychosis. Case series, autobiographical accounts, and surveys of cannabis users in the general population suggest an association between cannabis and psychosis. Cross-sectional studies document an association between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms, and longitudinal studies suggest that early exposure to cannabis confers a close to two-fold increase in the risk of developing schizophrenia. Pharmacological studies show that cannabinoids can induce a full range of transient positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms in healthy individuals that are similar to those seen in schizophrenia. There is considerable evidence that in individuals with an established psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia, exposure to cannabis can exacerbate symptoms, trigger relapse, and worsen the course of the illness. Only a very small proportion of the general population exposed to cannabis develop a psychotic illness. It is likely that cannabis exposure is a 'component cause' that interacts with other factors to 'cause' schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder, but is neither necessary nor sufficient to do so alone. Further work is necessary to identify the factors that underlie individual vulnerability to cannabinoid-related psychosis and to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying this risk. copyright 2009 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. ISSN 0954-0261 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name International Review of Psychiatry Volume 21 Issue Part 2 SPEC. ISS. Page 152-162 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication April 2009 COMORBIDITY / CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2009 <404> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009354516 Authors Ajdacic-Gross V. Landolt K. Angst J. Gamma A. Merikangas K.R. Gutzwiller F. Rossler W. Institution (Ajdacic-Gross, Landolt, Angst, Gamma, Rossler) Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. (Merikangas) National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States. (Gutzwiller) Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. (Ajdacic-Gross) Research Unit for Clinical and Social Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Militarstrasse 8, 8021 CH-Zurich, Switzerland. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Adult versus adolescent onset of smoking: How are mood disorders and other risk factors involved? Source Addiction. 104(8)(pp 1411-1419), 2009. Date of Publication: August 2009. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Aims To examine the strength of association between smoking and mood disorders and the association between smoking and its traditional risk factors, comparing those who started smoking in adolescence with those who started smoking in early adulthood. Design and participants The analyses relied on prospective data from the Zurich Study. This longitudinal community study started in 1979 with a stratified sample of 591 participants aged 20/21 years, weighted towards those with mental disorders. Follow-up interviews were conducted at ages 23, 28, 30, 35 and 41. Measurements In this analysis the adult versus adolescent onset of smoking was regressed on the cumulative prevalence of mood disorders, personality characteristics measured by the Freiburg Personality Inventory, common risk factors such as parental smoking, conduct and school problems, troubles with the family and basic sociodemographic variables (sex, education). Findings In the Zurich Study cohort we found that 61.6% were former or current smokers, of whom 87% started smoking before the age of 20 and 13% after the age of 20. Adolescent onset of smoking was associated strongly with later major depression, dysthymia or bipolar disorders and, furthermore, with parental smoking, extroverted personality and discipline problems and rebelliousness in youth. However, only depression and dysthymia were associated with adult onset smoking and other risk factors associated with smoking were not so associated in this group. Conclusions Correlates of smoking onset in adolescence are mainly not applicable to the onset of smoking in young adulthood. Smoking onset beyond adolescence is an open research issue. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 104 Issue Part 8 Page 1411-1419 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication August 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <408> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009354507 Authors Swendsen J. Conway K.P. Degenhardt L. Dierker L. Glantz M. Jin R. Merikangas K.R. Sampson N. Kessler R.C. Institution (Swendsen) CNRS 5231, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France. (Conway, Glantz) Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States. (Degenhardt) National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia. (Dierker) Wesleyan University, Department of Psychology, Middletown, CT, United States. (Jin, Sampson, Kessler) Department of Health Policy, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States. (Merikangas) Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Socio-demographic risk factors for alcohol and drug dependence: The 10-year followup of the national comorbidity survey. Source Addiction. 104(8)(pp 1346-1355), 2009. Date of Publication: August 2009. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Aims Continued progress in etiological research and prevention science requires more precise information concerning the specific stages at which socio-demographic variables are implicated most strongly in transition from initial substance use to dependence. The present study examines prospective associations between socio-demographic variables and the subsequent onset of alcohol and drug dependence using data from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) and the NCS Follow-up survey (NCS-2). Design The NCS was a nationally representative survey of the prevalence and correlates of DSM-III-R mental and substance disorders in the United States carried out in 1990-2002. The NCS-2 re-interviewed a probability subsample of NCS respondents a decade after the baseline survey. Baseline NCS socio-demographic characteristics and substance use history were examined as predictors of the first onset of DSM-IV alcohol and drug dependence in the NCS-2. Participants A total of 5001 NCS respondents were re-interviewed in the NCS-2 (87.6% of baseline sample). Findings Aggregate analyses demonstrated significant associations between some baseline socio-demographic variables (young age, low education, non-white ethnicity, occupational status) but not others (sex, number of children, residential area) and the subsequent onset of DSM-IV alcohol or drug dependence. However, conditional models showed that these risk factors were limited to specific stages of baseline use. Moreover, many socio-demographic variables that were not significant in the aggregate analyses were significant predictors of dependence when examined by stage of use. Conclusions The findings underscore the potential for socio-demographic risk factors to have highly specific associations with different stages of the substance use trajectory. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 104 Issue Part 8 Page 1346-1355 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication August 2009 COMORBIDITY 2009 <421> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009374348 Authors McGovern M.P. Lambert-Harris C. Acquilano S. Xie H. Alterman A.I. Weiss R.D. Institution (McGovern, Lambert-Harris, Acquilano, Xie) Dartmouth Medical School, United States. (Alterman) University of Pennsylvania, United States. (Weiss) McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title A cognitive behavioral therapy for co-occurring substance use and posttraumatic stress disorders. Source Addictive Behaviors. 34(10)(pp 892-897), 2009. Date of Publication: October 2009. Publisher Elsevier Ltd Abstract Co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent in addiction treatment programs and a risk factor for negative outcomes. Although interventions have been developed to address substance use and PTSD, treatment options are needed that are effective, well tolerated by patients, and potentially integrated with existing program services. This paper describes a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for PTSD that was adapted from a treatment for persons with severe mental illnesses and PTSD in community mental health settings. The new adaptation is for patients in community addiction treatment with cooccurring PTSD and substance use disorders. In this study, 5 community therapists delivered the CBT for PTSD. Outcome data are available on 11 patients who were assessed at baseline, post-CBT treatment, and at a 3-month follow-up post-treatment. Primary outcomes were substance use, PTSD severity, and retention, of which all were favorable for patients receiving the CBT for PTSD. copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0306-4603 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addictive Behaviors Volume 34 Issue Part 10 Page 892-897 Year of Publication 2009 Date of Publication October 2009