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COMORBIDITY 2008 <618>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008140884
Authors McCann D.J.
Institution
(McCann) Division of Pharmacotherapies and Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse, National Institute on Drug
Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Potential of buprenorphine/naltrexone in treating polydrug addiction and co-occurring
psychiatric disorders.
Source
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 83(4)(pp 627-630), 2008. Date of Publication: Apr
2008.
Abstract
In recent years, we have seen regulatory approval being given for several new
pharmacotherapies in the treatment of drug addiction disorders. Within the United States, the
most noteworthy development has been the approval of buprenorphine in the treatment of
opioid dependence, and its availability for prescribing in an office-based setting has resulted
in thousands of additional patients going into treatment. Although approved medications for
the treatment of cocaine and methamphetamine dependence are still lacking, the National
Institute on Drug Abuse has devoted substantial effort toward meeting these clinical
needs.<sup>1</sup> Recent studies of modafinil for the treatment of cocaine dependence
have been especially encouraging. Looking to the future, the looming challenge is polydrug
addiction, a situation that is often complicated by co-occurring psychiatric disorders. As we
strive to address the needs of these complicated patients, studies of
buprenorphine/naltrexone may hold the key to a major advance. copyright 2008 American
Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.
ISSN 0009-9236
Publication Type Journal: Short Survey
Journal Name Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Volume 83
Issue Part 4
Page 627-630
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Apr 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <624>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008162385
Authors Vetter S. Rossegger A. Rossler W. Bisson J.I. Endrass J.
Institution
(Vetter) Centre for Disaster and Military Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
(Rossegger, Endrass) Psychiatric/Psychological Service, Criminal Justice System Canton of Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland.
(Rossler) Psychiatric University Hospital of Zurich, Research Unit for Clinical and Social Psychiatry, Zurich,
Switzerland.
(Bisson) Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Exposure to the tsunami disaster, PTSD symptoms and increased substance use - An
Internet based survey of male and female residents of Switzerland.
Source
BMC Public Health. 8, 2008. Article Number: 92. Date of Publication: 2008.
Abstract
Background. After the tsunami disaster in the Indian Ocean basin an Internet based selfscreening test was made available in order to facilitate contact with mental health services.
Although primarily designed for surviving Swiss tourists as well as relatives and
acquaintances of the victims, the screening instrument was open to anyone who felt
psychologically affected by this disaster. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influences
between self-declared increased substance use in the aftermath of the tsunami disaster,
trauma exposure and current PTSD symptoms. Methods. One section of the screening
covered addiction related behavior. We analyzed the relationship between increased
substance use, the level of PTSD symptoms and trauma exposure using multivariable logistic
regression with substance use as the dependent variable. Included in the study were only
subjects who reported being residents of Switzerland and the analyses were stratified by
gender in order to control for possible socio-cultural or gender differences in the use of
psychotropic substances. Results. In women PTSD symptoms and degree of exposure
enlarged the odds of increased alcohol, pharmaceuticals and cannabis use significantly. In
men the relationship was more specific: PTSD symptoms and degree of exposure only
enlarged the odds of increased pharmaceutical consumption significantly. Increases in
alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use were only significantly associated with the degree of
PTSD symptoms. Conclusion. The tsunami was associated with increased substance use.
This study not only replicates earlier findings but also suggests for a gender specificity of
post-traumatic substance use increase. copyright 2008 Vetter et al; licensee BioMed Central
Ltd.
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name BMC Public Health
Volume 8
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <633>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008131671
Authors Conner K.R. Pinquart M. Duberstein P.R.
Institution
(Conner, Duberstein) University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.
(Pinquart) Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
(Conner) University of Rochester Medical Center, Psychiatry, 300 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14642, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Meta-analysis of depression and substance use and impairment among intravenous
drug users (IDUs).
Source
Addiction. 103(4)(pp 524-534), 2008. Date of Publication: Apr 2008.
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate, among intravenous drug users (IDUs), the hypothesized positive
association of depression with substance-related behaviors including concurrent drug use and
impairment, future drug use and impairment, alcohol use and impairment, needle sharing and
substance use treatment participation, and to identify moderators of these associations.
Design: Meta-analysis of reports on IDUs published in English in peer-reviewed journals since
1986 that contained data on depression and substance use outcome(s) with no restrictions on
range of depression scores to select the sample. Setting: Fifty-five reports containing 55
samples met criteria, including 42 (76%) samples from clinical venues and 13 (24%) that were
community-based. Participants: Mean age was 34.3 (standard deviation = 4.5) years,
comprising approximately 68% men and 43% white, non-Hispanic subjects. Measurements:
Depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory, Center for Epidemiological
Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and other validated scales or diagnostic interviews. The
Addiction Severity Index was the most frequently used measure of substance-related
outcomes. Findings: A priori hypotheses pertaining to depression and the substance-related
variables were supported, with the exception of the predicted association of depression and
future drug use and impairment. Effect sizes were small. Moderating effects of gender were
identified, including greater associations of depression with substance use treatment
participation and needle sharing among women and a greater association of depression with
future drug use and impairment among men. Effect sizes of moderators were large.
Conclusions: Depression is associated with several substance-related behaviors, and select
associations are stronger according to gender. Prospective associations of depression with
future drug use and impairment are not immediately evident, but could be examined in
subsequent research. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 4
Page 524-534
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Apr 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <643>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008136751
Authors Fabricius V. Langa M. Wilson K.
Institution
(Fabricius, Langa, Wilson) School of Community and Development, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
South Africa.
(Fabricius, Langa, Wilson) CRESTA, PO Box 87S, 2118 Johannesburg, South Africa.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
An exploratory investigation of co-occurring substancerelated and psychiatric
disorders.
Source
Journal of Substance Use. 13(2)(pp 99-114), 2008. Date of Publication: Apr 2008.
Abstract
This exploratory, quantitative study investigated the prevalence rate of patients with cooccurring substance-related and psychiatric disorders (CODs) at a private rehabilitation
centre in Johannesburg, South Africa. Details of the case histories of the clients were
collected, coded and analysed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The results indicated
that 57.1% of 419 clients had one or more co-occurring psychiatric disorder, along with a
substance-related disorder. Of the 239 with a COD, 155 had a mood disorder, 40 had an
anxiety disorder, 39 had ADHD, 35 had an eating disorder, eight had a conduct disorder and
five had schizophrenia. Statistically significant relationships were found for ADHD with
cannabis-related disorders and polysubstance dependence; anxiety-related disorders with
alcohol-related disorders; and mood disorders with cocaine-related disorders, possibly
substance-induced disorders and substance-induced disorders. These results showed that a
large group of patients admitted at the centre had one or more COD and this made the
treatment more complex. The results of this study suggest the need to develop specialized
treatment programmes for patients with CODs.
ISSN 1465-9891
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Substance Use
Volume 13
Issue Part 2
Page 99-114
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Apr 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <657>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008115097
Authors DeLisi L.E.
Institution
(DeLisi) New York University, New York, NY, United States.
(DeLisi) Department of Psychiatry, New York University, 650 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The effect of cannabis on the brain: Can it cause brain anomalies that lead to
increased risk for schizophrenia?
Source
Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 21(2)(pp 140-150), 2008. Date of Publication: Mar 2008.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review explores what is known about the association of
cannabis with schizophrenia, its effects on the brain, and whether the brain changes known to
be present in schizophrenia could be caused by cannabis and thus lead to a psychosis.
RECENT FINDINGS: The heavy use of cannabis is known to be associated with some
adverse consequences, such as the occurrence of acute psychotic episodes and the
development of chronic schizophrenia in some people even after its use has terminated.
Recent studies have produced controversy about whether cannabis in heavy use can cause
irreversible brain damage, particularly to adolescents, and thus whether a chronic psychosis
could be a result of brain changes caused by cannabis. SUMMARY: From the evidence that
exists, it appears that the above view is unlikely and that cannabis may even have benign
effects on brain structure, not producing deleterious damage. Its neurochemical interactions
with the dopaminergic pathway, however, may, particularly in genetically vulnerable
individuals, have adverse consequences. copyright 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
ISSN 0951-7367
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Current Opinion in Psychiatry
Volume 21
Issue Part 2
Page 140-150
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Mar 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <658>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008115047
Authors Davis L. Uezato A. Newell J.M. Frazier E.
Institution
(Davis, Newell) VA Medical Center, Research and Development, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.
(Davis, Uezato) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, School of Medicine,
Birmingham, AL, United States.
(Newell) University of Alabama, School of Social Work, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.
(Frazier) VA Medical Center, Mental Health Service, San Francisco, CA, United States.
(Davis) VA Medical Center (151), 3701 Loop Road East, Tuscaloosa, AL 35404, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Major depression and comorbid substance use disorders.
Source
Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 21(1)(pp 14-18), 2008. Date of Publication: Jan 2008.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The presentation of major depressive disorder is often complicated
by the co-occurrence of substance use disorders, such as alcohol and illicit drug abuse or
dependence. The article reviews the recent systematic research on the distinguishing
baseline characteristics including demographic characteristics and the influence of family
history, and clinical features such as depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation, and
the outcome of treatment for depression in patients with comorbid major depressive disorder
and substance use disorders. The review also addresses the possible explanations cited in
the literature as to why these two disorders tend to co-occur and the implications of the
comorbidity of these illnesses on treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Nearly one-third of patients
with major depressive disorder also have substance use disorders, and the comorbidity yields
higher risk of suicide and greater social and personal impairment as well as other psychiatric
conditions. Although the treatment of comorbid major depressive disorder and substance use
disorders with medication is likely effective, the differential treatment effects based on
substance use disorder comorbidity have been understudied. SUMMARY: Emerging results
of recent studies comparing the outcome of major depressive disorder patients with comorbid
major depressive disorder and substance use disorders suggest that there are fewer
differential effects based on comorbidity than previously anticipated by older assumptions
from smaller, less methodologically rigorous studies. copyright 2008 Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins, Inc.
ISSN 0951-7367
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Current Opinion in Psychiatry
Volume 21
Issue Part 1
Page 14-18
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Jan 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <659>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008116891
Authors Hesse M. Rasmussen J. Pedersen M.K.
Institution
(Hesse, Pedersen) Aarhus University, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Copenhagen Division,
Kobmagergade 26E, 1150 Copenhagen C, Denmark.
(Rasmussen) City of Copenhagen, Inner City Rehabilitation and Counselling Centre, Treatment Unit,
Horsholmsgade 20A, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Standardised assessment of personality - A study of validity and reliability in
substance abusers.
Source
BMC Psychiatry. 8, 2008. Article Number: 7. Date of Publication: 25 Jan 2008.
Abstract
Background: Brief screening instruments for co-morbid personality disorders could
potentially have great value in substance abuse treatment settings. Methods: We assessed
the psychometric properties ofthe 8-item Standardised Assessment of Personality Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS) in a sample of 58 methadone maintenance patients. Results:
Internal consistency was modest, but similar to the original value (alpha = 0.62), and testretest correlation at four months follow-up was moderately encouraging for a short instrument
such as this (n = 31, test retest intraclass correlation = 0.58), and change at the mean level
was minimal, but marginally significant (from an average of 3.3 to 3.8, p = 0.06). Analyses of
nurse ratings of patients' behaviour at the clinic showed that SAPAS was significantly
correlated with nurse ratings of externalizing behaviour (r = 0.42, p = 0.001), and Global
Assessment of Functioning (r = -0.36, p = 0.006), but unrelated to intoxication (r = 0.02, NS),
or withdrawal (r = 0.20, NS). Conclusion: There is evidence that the SAPAS is a modestly
valid and relatively reliable brief screening measure of personality disorders in patients with
ongoing substance abuse undergoing methadone maintenance. It can be used in situations
where limited resources are available, and researchers or others wish to get an impression of
the degree of personality pathology in a clinical population, as well as for screening purposes.
copyright 2008 Hesse et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name BMC Psychiatry
Volume 8
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 25 Jan 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <660>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008116801
Authors Bussing A. Matthiessen P.F. Mundle G.
Institution
(Bussing, Matthiessen) Chair of Medical Theory and Complementary Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke,
Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313 Herdecke, Germany.
(Mundle) Oberberg Klinik Schwarzwald, Oberberg 1, 78132 Hornberg, Germany.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Emotional and rational disease acceptance in patients with depression and alcohol
addiction.
Source
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 6, 2008. Article Number: 4. Date of Publication: 21
Jan 2008.
Abstract
Background: The concept of a rational respectively emotional acceptance of disease is
highly valued in the treatment of patients with depression or addiction. Due to the importance
of this concept for the long-term course of disease, there is a strong interest to develop a tool
to identify the levels and factors of acceptance. We thus intended to test an instrument
designed to assess the level of positive psychological wellbeing and coping, particularly
emotional disease acceptance and life satisfaction Methods: In an anonymous cross-sectional
survey enrolling 115 patients (51% female, 49% male; mean age 47.6 +/- 10.0 years) with
depression and/or alcohol addiction, the ERDA questionnaire was tested. Results: Factor
analysis of the 29-item construct (Cronbach's alpha = 0.933) revealed a 4-factor solution,
which explained 59.4% of variance: (1) Positive Life Construction, Contentedness and WellBeing; (2) Conscious Dealing with Illness; (3) Rejection of an Irrational Dealing with Disease;
(4) Disease Acceptance. Two factors could be ascribed to a rational, and two to an emotional
acceptance. All factors correlated negatively with Depression and Escape, while several
aspects of Life Satisfaction" (i.e. myself, overall life, where I live, and future prospects)
correlated positively. The highest factor scores were found for the rational acceptance styles
(i.e. Conscious Dealing with Illness; Disease Acceptance). Emotional acceptance styles were
not valued in a state of depression. Escape from illness was the strongest predictor for
several acceptance aspects, while life satisfaction was the most relevant predictor for
"Positive Life Construction, Contentedness and Well-Being". Conclusion: The ERDA
questionnaire was found to be a reliable and valid assessment of disease acceptance
strategies in patients with depressive disorders and drug abuses. The results indicate the
preferential use of rational acceptance styles even in depression. Disease acceptance should
not be regarded as a coping style with an attitude of fatalistic resignation, but as a complex
and active process of dealing with a chronic disease. One may assume that an emotional
acceptance of disease will result in a therapeutic coping process associated with higher level
of life satisfaction and overall quality of life. copyright 2008 Bussing et al; licensee BioMed
Central Ltd.
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
Volume 6
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 21 Jan 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <662>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008099651
Authors Driessen M. Schulte S. Luedecke C. Schaefer I. Sutmann F. Ohlmeier M. Kemper U. Koesters G.
Chodzinski C. Schneider U. Broese T. Dette C. Havemann-Reinicke U. Reis O. Sylvester E.H. Hoppe M. Stuppe M.
Pletke C.
Institution
(Driessen, Schulte, Sutmann) Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bielefeld, Bielefeld,
Germany.
(Luedecke, Pletke) Lower Saxonian Psychiatric Hospital, Goettingen, Germany.
(Schaefer) Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
(Ohlmeier, Chodzinski, Schneider) Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Hannover, Hannover,
Germany.
(Kemper) Westfalian Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Guetersloh, Germany.
(Koesters) Drug Counselling Center DROBS, Hannover, Germany.
(Broese) Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
(Dette) Clinic of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
(Havemann-Reinicke) Clinic of Psychiatry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
(Driessen) Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bielefeld, Remterweg 69-71, D-33617
Bielefeld, Germany.
(Koesters) Drug Counselling Center, Hannover, Germany.
(Reis) Clinic of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
(Sylvester) Clinic Nettetal, Wallenhorst, Germany.
(Hoppe) Clinic Freiherr Von Lepel, Bethel, Freistatt, Germany.
(Stuppe) Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schwerin, Germany.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Trauma and PTSD in patients with alcohol, drug, or dual dependence: A multi-center
study.
Source
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 32(3)(pp 481-488), 2008. Date of
Publication: Mar 2008.
Abstract
Background: We investigated (1) the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in
treatment-seeking subjects with substance use dependence (SUD), (2) the association
between comorbid PTSD and the severity and course of addiction and psychopathology, and
(3) this association in patients with subsyndromal PTSD, and in trauma exposure without
PTSD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 459 subjects in 14 German addiction treatment
centers participated with alcohol-dependence (A) in 39.7%, drug-dependence (D) in 33.6%, or
both (AD) 26.8%. The diagnostic measures included the International Diagnostic Checklists
(IDCL), Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), Addiction Severity Index (ASI), and the Brief
Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Associations between independent characteristics and
outcomes were analysed by univariate and multivariate statistics. Results: 25.3% of the
subjects had PTSD confirmed by both IDCL and PDS with higher rates in the AD (34.1%) and
D (29.9%) groups compared with group A (15.4%, p < 0.001). In 22.8%, PTSD was
subsyndromal (either IDCL or PDS positive) without significant differences between SUD
groups, and 18.3% met PTSD trauma criteria A without PTSD (exposure). After controlling for
SUD and gender, trauma subgroups significantly differed regarding the onset of alcohol-
related symptoms (p < 0.02), numbers of previous admissions (p < 0.03), severity of SUD (p <
0.001), current craving (p < 0.02), and psychopathology (p < 0.001). We observed the worst
outcome in PTSD, while trauma exposure had no effects. Conclusions: The prevalence of
PTSD is higher in drug than in alcohol dependence. The more strictly PTSD is diagnosed (by
interviewer and questionnaire) the more clearly are associations with characteristics of SUD.
PTSD seems to be an independent risk factor for an unfavorable outcome of SUD. copyright
2008 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.
ISSN 0145-6008
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
Volume 32
Issue Part 3
Page 481-488
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Mar 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <668>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008098786
Authors Corrigan J. Deutschle J.
Institution
(Corrigan) Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United
States.
(Deutschle) Hopewell Counseling and Consultation, Newark, OH, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The presence and impact of traumatic brain injury among clients in treatment for cooccurring mental illness and substance abuse.
Source
Brain Injury. 22(3)(pp 223-231), 2008. Date of Publication: Mar 2008.
Abstract
Objectives: To compare diagnostic and treatment-related differences between persons
participating in treatment for dually diagnosed substance use disorders and severe mental
illness who have or do not have a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Prospective
cohort. Interventions: Not applicable. Primary measures: Demographic information, diagnostic
data, pre-treatment status, treatment participation and staff assessment of functioning.
Results: Seventy-two percent of participants in treatment for dually diagnosed substance use
disorders and severe mental illness reported a history of at least one TBI. Participants with
TBI had greater morbidity as reflected in more complex psychiatric diagnoses and greater
likelihood of being diagnosed with an Axis II personality disorder. Participants with a TBI
showed tendencies toward earlier onset of substance use and worse current functioning. Both
a greater number of injuries and earlier age at first TBI showed some indications of being
associated with worse morbidity. Conclusions: Individuals dually diagnosed with substance
use disorders and severe mental illness may have a high rate of TBI, which in turn could
contribute to important clinical and treatment differences. Results also suggested the need for
validated methods of identifying aspects of a prior history of TBI that provide more information
than presence/absence.
ISSN 0269-9052
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Brain Injury
Volume 22
Issue Part 3
Page 223-231
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Mar 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <742>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008032021
Authors Pompili M. Lester D. Innamorati M. Tatarelli R. Girardi P.
Institution
(Pompili) Department of Psychiatry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189 Roma, Italy.
(Pompili, Tatarelli, Girardi) Department of Psychiatry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di
Grottarossa, 1035, 00189 Roma, Italy.
(Pompili) McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
(Lester) Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Pomona, NJ 08240, United States.
(Innamorati) Universita Europea, Roma, Italy, Piazza Filattiera 12, 00139 Roma, Italy.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Assessment and treatment of suicide risk in schizophrenia.
Source
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 8(1)(pp 51-74), 2008. Date of Publication: Jan 2008.
Abstract
Schizophrenic patients at risk of suicide are more likely to be young, male, white, never
married, with post-psychotic depression, and a history of substance abuse and suicide
attempts. Hopelessness, social isolation, awareness of illness and hospitalization are also
related to suicide risk. Deteriorating health with a high level of premorbid functioning, recent
loss or rejection, limited external support, family stress or instability are other features that
have been reported in schizophrenic patients who commit suicide. Atypical antipsychotics,
especially clozapine, have emerged as important tools in the therapeutic armamentarium.
Psychosocial intervention and psychotherapy may play an important role in the management
of suicide risk, especially if such interventions help the patient face daily difficulties, loneliness
and conflicts inside the family. copyright 2008 Future Drugs Ltd.
ISSN 1473-7175
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
Volume 8
Issue Part 1
Page 51-74
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Jan 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <780>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007611104
Authors Buckner J.D. Schmidt N.B. Lang A.R. Small J.W. Schlauch R.C. Lewinsohn P.M.
Institution
(Buckner, Schmidt, Lang, Schlauch) Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 323061270, United States.
(Small, Lewinsohn) Oregon Research Institute, 1715 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403-1983, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Specificity of social anxiety disorder as a risk factor for alcohol and cannabis
dependence.
Source
Journal of Psychiatric Research. 42(3)(pp 230-239), 2008. Date of Publication: Feb 2008.
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is highly comorbid with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and
cannabis dependence. However, the temporal sequencing of these disorders has not been
extensively studied to determine whether SAD serves as a specific risk factor for problematic
substance use. The present study examined these relationships after controlling for
theoretically-relevant variables (e.g., gender, other Axis I pathology) in a longitudinal cohort
over approximately 14 years. The sample was drawn from participants in the Oregon
Adolescent Depression Project. After excluding those with substance use disorders at
baseline, SAD at study entry was associated with 6.5 greater odds of cannabis dependence
(but not abuse) and 4.5 greater odds of alcohol dependence (but not abuse) at follow-up after
controlling for relevant variables (e.g., gender, depression, conduct disorder). The relationship
between SAD and alcohol and cannabis dependence remained even after controlling for other
anxiety disorders. Other anxiety disorders and mood disorders were not associated with
subsequent cannabis or alcohol use disorder after controlling for relevant variables. Among
the internalizing disorders, SAD appears to serve as a unique risk factor for the subsequent
onset of cannabis and alcohol dependence. copyright 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0022-3956
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Psychiatric Research
Volume 42
Issue Part 3
Page 230-239
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Feb 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <238>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008611289
Authors Greener M.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Glutamate and schizophrenia: New insights, new treatments.
Source
Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry. 12(1)(pp 7-9), 2008. Date of Publication: 2008.
Publisher
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that dopamine may not be as central to the
pathogenesis of schizophrenia as previously believed. Here, Mark Greener provides an
overview of studies supporting the primary role of glutamate in the development of
schizophrenia and discusses its potential as a novel therapeutic target.
ISSN 1367-7543
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry
Volume 12
Issue Part 1
Page 7-9
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 2008
COMORBIDITY 2008 <241>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008611097
Authors Atakan Z.
Institution
(Atakan) National Psychosis Unit, Maudsley and Bethlem Royal Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
(Atakan) Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Cannabis use by people with severe mental illness - Is it important?
Source
Advances in Psychiatric Treatment. 14(6)(pp 423-431), 2008. Date of Publication: 2008.
Publisher
Royal College of Psychiatrists
Abstract
Cannabis use is more common among people with severe mental illness than in the general
population. It has detrimental effects on the course of the illness, physical health and social
life of users, as well as being a financial burden on health services. It is important to
understand why some people with severe mental illness continue to use cannabis, despite
experiencing its effects on their condition. This article reviews research on the scale of
cannabis use by such patients, the effects on the course of their illness, possible reasons to
explain why they use it, and how they can be assessed in clinical settings, as well as
providing some assessment tools to measure various characteristics related to cannabis use.
ISSN 1355-5146
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Advances in Psychiatric Treatment
Volume 14
Issue Part 6
Page 423-431
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 2008