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COMORBIDITY 2008 <618> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008140884 Authors McCann D.J. Institution (McCann) Division of Pharmacotherapies and Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Potential of buprenorphine/naltrexone in treating polydrug addiction and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Source Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 83(4)(pp 627-630), 2008. Date of Publication: Apr 2008. Abstract In recent years, we have seen regulatory approval being given for several new pharmacotherapies in the treatment of drug addiction disorders. Within the United States, the most noteworthy development has been the approval of buprenorphine in the treatment of opioid dependence, and its availability for prescribing in an office-based setting has resulted in thousands of additional patients going into treatment. Although approved medications for the treatment of cocaine and methamphetamine dependence are still lacking, the National Institute on Drug Abuse has devoted substantial effort toward meeting these clinical needs.<sup>1</sup> Recent studies of modafinil for the treatment of cocaine dependence have been especially encouraging. Looking to the future, the looming challenge is polydrug addiction, a situation that is often complicated by co-occurring psychiatric disorders. As we strive to address the needs of these complicated patients, studies of buprenorphine/naltrexone may hold the key to a major advance. copyright 2008 American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. ISSN 0009-9236 Publication Type Journal: Short Survey Journal Name Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Volume 83 Issue Part 4 Page 627-630 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication Apr 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <624> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008162385 Authors Vetter S. Rossegger A. Rossler W. Bisson J.I. Endrass J. Institution (Vetter) Centre for Disaster and Military Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. (Rossegger, Endrass) Psychiatric/Psychological Service, Criminal Justice System Canton of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. (Rossler) Psychiatric University Hospital of Zurich, Research Unit for Clinical and Social Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland. (Bisson) Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Exposure to the tsunami disaster, PTSD symptoms and increased substance use - An Internet based survey of male and female residents of Switzerland. Source BMC Public Health. 8, 2008. Article Number: 92. Date of Publication: 2008. Abstract Background. After the tsunami disaster in the Indian Ocean basin an Internet based selfscreening test was made available in order to facilitate contact with mental health services. Although primarily designed for surviving Swiss tourists as well as relatives and acquaintances of the victims, the screening instrument was open to anyone who felt psychologically affected by this disaster. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influences between self-declared increased substance use in the aftermath of the tsunami disaster, trauma exposure and current PTSD symptoms. Methods. One section of the screening covered addiction related behavior. We analyzed the relationship between increased substance use, the level of PTSD symptoms and trauma exposure using multivariable logistic regression with substance use as the dependent variable. Included in the study were only subjects who reported being residents of Switzerland and the analyses were stratified by gender in order to control for possible socio-cultural or gender differences in the use of psychotropic substances. Results. In women PTSD symptoms and degree of exposure enlarged the odds of increased alcohol, pharmaceuticals and cannabis use significantly. In men the relationship was more specific: PTSD symptoms and degree of exposure only enlarged the odds of increased pharmaceutical consumption significantly. Increases in alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use were only significantly associated with the degree of PTSD symptoms. Conclusion. The tsunami was associated with increased substance use. This study not only replicates earlier findings but also suggests for a gender specificity of post-traumatic substance use increase. copyright 2008 Vetter et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name BMC Public Health Volume 8 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <633> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008131671 Authors Conner K.R. Pinquart M. Duberstein P.R. Institution (Conner, Duberstein) University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States. (Pinquart) Philipps University, Marburg, Germany. (Conner) University of Rochester Medical Center, Psychiatry, 300 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14642, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Meta-analysis of depression and substance use and impairment among intravenous drug users (IDUs). Source Addiction. 103(4)(pp 524-534), 2008. Date of Publication: Apr 2008. Abstract Aims: To evaluate, among intravenous drug users (IDUs), the hypothesized positive association of depression with substance-related behaviors including concurrent drug use and impairment, future drug use and impairment, alcohol use and impairment, needle sharing and substance use treatment participation, and to identify moderators of these associations. Design: Meta-analysis of reports on IDUs published in English in peer-reviewed journals since 1986 that contained data on depression and substance use outcome(s) with no restrictions on range of depression scores to select the sample. Setting: Fifty-five reports containing 55 samples met criteria, including 42 (76%) samples from clinical venues and 13 (24%) that were community-based. Participants: Mean age was 34.3 (standard deviation = 4.5) years, comprising approximately 68% men and 43% white, non-Hispanic subjects. Measurements: Depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and other validated scales or diagnostic interviews. The Addiction Severity Index was the most frequently used measure of substance-related outcomes. Findings: A priori hypotheses pertaining to depression and the substance-related variables were supported, with the exception of the predicted association of depression and future drug use and impairment. Effect sizes were small. Moderating effects of gender were identified, including greater associations of depression with substance use treatment participation and needle sharing among women and a greater association of depression with future drug use and impairment among men. Effect sizes of moderators were large. Conclusions: Depression is associated with several substance-related behaviors, and select associations are stronger according to gender. Prospective associations of depression with future drug use and impairment are not immediately evident, but could be examined in subsequent research. copyright 2008 The Authors. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 103 Issue Part 4 Page 524-534 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication Apr 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <643> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008136751 Authors Fabricius V. Langa M. Wilson K. Institution (Fabricius, Langa, Wilson) School of Community and Development, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. (Fabricius, Langa, Wilson) CRESTA, PO Box 87S, 2118 Johannesburg, South Africa. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title An exploratory investigation of co-occurring substancerelated and psychiatric disorders. Source Journal of Substance Use. 13(2)(pp 99-114), 2008. Date of Publication: Apr 2008. Abstract This exploratory, quantitative study investigated the prevalence rate of patients with cooccurring substance-related and psychiatric disorders (CODs) at a private rehabilitation centre in Johannesburg, South Africa. Details of the case histories of the clients were collected, coded and analysed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The results indicated that 57.1% of 419 clients had one or more co-occurring psychiatric disorder, along with a substance-related disorder. Of the 239 with a COD, 155 had a mood disorder, 40 had an anxiety disorder, 39 had ADHD, 35 had an eating disorder, eight had a conduct disorder and five had schizophrenia. Statistically significant relationships were found for ADHD with cannabis-related disorders and polysubstance dependence; anxiety-related disorders with alcohol-related disorders; and mood disorders with cocaine-related disorders, possibly substance-induced disorders and substance-induced disorders. These results showed that a large group of patients admitted at the centre had one or more COD and this made the treatment more complex. The results of this study suggest the need to develop specialized treatment programmes for patients with CODs. ISSN 1465-9891 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Journal of Substance Use Volume 13 Issue Part 2 Page 99-114 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication Apr 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <657> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008115097 Authors DeLisi L.E. Institution (DeLisi) New York University, New York, NY, United States. (DeLisi) Department of Psychiatry, New York University, 650 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title The effect of cannabis on the brain: Can it cause brain anomalies that lead to increased risk for schizophrenia? Source Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 21(2)(pp 140-150), 2008. Date of Publication: Mar 2008. Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review explores what is known about the association of cannabis with schizophrenia, its effects on the brain, and whether the brain changes known to be present in schizophrenia could be caused by cannabis and thus lead to a psychosis. RECENT FINDINGS: The heavy use of cannabis is known to be associated with some adverse consequences, such as the occurrence of acute psychotic episodes and the development of chronic schizophrenia in some people even after its use has terminated. Recent studies have produced controversy about whether cannabis in heavy use can cause irreversible brain damage, particularly to adolescents, and thus whether a chronic psychosis could be a result of brain changes caused by cannabis. SUMMARY: From the evidence that exists, it appears that the above view is unlikely and that cannabis may even have benign effects on brain structure, not producing deleterious damage. Its neurochemical interactions with the dopaminergic pathway, however, may, particularly in genetically vulnerable individuals, have adverse consequences. copyright 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. ISSN 0951-7367 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Current Opinion in Psychiatry Volume 21 Issue Part 2 Page 140-150 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication Mar 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <658> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008115047 Authors Davis L. Uezato A. Newell J.M. Frazier E. Institution (Davis, Newell) VA Medical Center, Research and Development, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States. (Davis, Uezato) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States. (Newell) University of Alabama, School of Social Work, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States. (Frazier) VA Medical Center, Mental Health Service, San Francisco, CA, United States. (Davis) VA Medical Center (151), 3701 Loop Road East, Tuscaloosa, AL 35404, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Major depression and comorbid substance use disorders. Source Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 21(1)(pp 14-18), 2008. Date of Publication: Jan 2008. Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The presentation of major depressive disorder is often complicated by the co-occurrence of substance use disorders, such as alcohol and illicit drug abuse or dependence. The article reviews the recent systematic research on the distinguishing baseline characteristics including demographic characteristics and the influence of family history, and clinical features such as depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation, and the outcome of treatment for depression in patients with comorbid major depressive disorder and substance use disorders. The review also addresses the possible explanations cited in the literature as to why these two disorders tend to co-occur and the implications of the comorbidity of these illnesses on treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Nearly one-third of patients with major depressive disorder also have substance use disorders, and the comorbidity yields higher risk of suicide and greater social and personal impairment as well as other psychiatric conditions. Although the treatment of comorbid major depressive disorder and substance use disorders with medication is likely effective, the differential treatment effects based on substance use disorder comorbidity have been understudied. SUMMARY: Emerging results of recent studies comparing the outcome of major depressive disorder patients with comorbid major depressive disorder and substance use disorders suggest that there are fewer differential effects based on comorbidity than previously anticipated by older assumptions from smaller, less methodologically rigorous studies. copyright 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. ISSN 0951-7367 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Current Opinion in Psychiatry Volume 21 Issue Part 1 Page 14-18 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication Jan 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <659> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008116891 Authors Hesse M. Rasmussen J. Pedersen M.K. Institution (Hesse, Pedersen) Aarhus University, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Copenhagen Division, Kobmagergade 26E, 1150 Copenhagen C, Denmark. (Rasmussen) City of Copenhagen, Inner City Rehabilitation and Counselling Centre, Treatment Unit, Horsholmsgade 20A, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Standardised assessment of personality - A study of validity and reliability in substance abusers. Source BMC Psychiatry. 8, 2008. Article Number: 7. Date of Publication: 25 Jan 2008. Abstract Background: Brief screening instruments for co-morbid personality disorders could potentially have great value in substance abuse treatment settings. Methods: We assessed the psychometric properties ofthe 8-item Standardised Assessment of Personality Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS) in a sample of 58 methadone maintenance patients. Results: Internal consistency was modest, but similar to the original value (alpha = 0.62), and testretest correlation at four months follow-up was moderately encouraging for a short instrument such as this (n = 31, test retest intraclass correlation = 0.58), and change at the mean level was minimal, but marginally significant (from an average of 3.3 to 3.8, p = 0.06). Analyses of nurse ratings of patients' behaviour at the clinic showed that SAPAS was significantly correlated with nurse ratings of externalizing behaviour (r = 0.42, p = 0.001), and Global Assessment of Functioning (r = -0.36, p = 0.006), but unrelated to intoxication (r = 0.02, NS), or withdrawal (r = 0.20, NS). Conclusion: There is evidence that the SAPAS is a modestly valid and relatively reliable brief screening measure of personality disorders in patients with ongoing substance abuse undergoing methadone maintenance. It can be used in situations where limited resources are available, and researchers or others wish to get an impression of the degree of personality pathology in a clinical population, as well as for screening purposes. copyright 2008 Hesse et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name BMC Psychiatry Volume 8 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication 25 Jan 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <660> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008116801 Authors Bussing A. Matthiessen P.F. Mundle G. Institution (Bussing, Matthiessen) Chair of Medical Theory and Complementary Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313 Herdecke, Germany. (Mundle) Oberberg Klinik Schwarzwald, Oberberg 1, 78132 Hornberg, Germany. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Emotional and rational disease acceptance in patients with depression and alcohol addiction. Source Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 6, 2008. Article Number: 4. Date of Publication: 21 Jan 2008. Abstract Background: The concept of a rational respectively emotional acceptance of disease is highly valued in the treatment of patients with depression or addiction. Due to the importance of this concept for the long-term course of disease, there is a strong interest to develop a tool to identify the levels and factors of acceptance. We thus intended to test an instrument designed to assess the level of positive psychological wellbeing and coping, particularly emotional disease acceptance and life satisfaction Methods: In an anonymous cross-sectional survey enrolling 115 patients (51% female, 49% male; mean age 47.6 +/- 10.0 years) with depression and/or alcohol addiction, the ERDA questionnaire was tested. Results: Factor analysis of the 29-item construct (Cronbach's alpha = 0.933) revealed a 4-factor solution, which explained 59.4% of variance: (1) Positive Life Construction, Contentedness and WellBeing; (2) Conscious Dealing with Illness; (3) Rejection of an Irrational Dealing with Disease; (4) Disease Acceptance. Two factors could be ascribed to a rational, and two to an emotional acceptance. All factors correlated negatively with Depression and Escape, while several aspects of Life Satisfaction" (i.e. myself, overall life, where I live, and future prospects) correlated positively. The highest factor scores were found for the rational acceptance styles (i.e. Conscious Dealing with Illness; Disease Acceptance). Emotional acceptance styles were not valued in a state of depression. Escape from illness was the strongest predictor for several acceptance aspects, while life satisfaction was the most relevant predictor for "Positive Life Construction, Contentedness and Well-Being". Conclusion: The ERDA questionnaire was found to be a reliable and valid assessment of disease acceptance strategies in patients with depressive disorders and drug abuses. The results indicate the preferential use of rational acceptance styles even in depression. Disease acceptance should not be regarded as a coping style with an attitude of fatalistic resignation, but as a complex and active process of dealing with a chronic disease. One may assume that an emotional acceptance of disease will result in a therapeutic coping process associated with higher level of life satisfaction and overall quality of life. copyright 2008 Bussing et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Health and Quality of Life Outcomes Volume 6 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication 21 Jan 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <662> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008099651 Authors Driessen M. Schulte S. Luedecke C. Schaefer I. Sutmann F. Ohlmeier M. Kemper U. Koesters G. Chodzinski C. Schneider U. Broese T. Dette C. Havemann-Reinicke U. Reis O. Sylvester E.H. Hoppe M. Stuppe M. Pletke C. Institution (Driessen, Schulte, Sutmann) Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany. (Luedecke, Pletke) Lower Saxonian Psychiatric Hospital, Goettingen, Germany. (Schaefer) Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. (Ohlmeier, Chodzinski, Schneider) Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany. (Kemper) Westfalian Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Guetersloh, Germany. (Koesters) Drug Counselling Center DROBS, Hannover, Germany. (Broese) Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. (Dette) Clinic of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. (Havemann-Reinicke) Clinic of Psychiatry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. (Driessen) Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bielefeld, Remterweg 69-71, D-33617 Bielefeld, Germany. (Koesters) Drug Counselling Center, Hannover, Germany. (Reis) Clinic of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. (Sylvester) Clinic Nettetal, Wallenhorst, Germany. (Hoppe) Clinic Freiherr Von Lepel, Bethel, Freistatt, Germany. (Stuppe) Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schwerin, Germany. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Trauma and PTSD in patients with alcohol, drug, or dual dependence: A multi-center study. Source Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 32(3)(pp 481-488), 2008. Date of Publication: Mar 2008. Abstract Background: We investigated (1) the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in treatment-seeking subjects with substance use dependence (SUD), (2) the association between comorbid PTSD and the severity and course of addiction and psychopathology, and (3) this association in patients with subsyndromal PTSD, and in trauma exposure without PTSD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 459 subjects in 14 German addiction treatment centers participated with alcohol-dependence (A) in 39.7%, drug-dependence (D) in 33.6%, or both (AD) 26.8%. The diagnostic measures included the International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL), Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), Addiction Severity Index (ASI), and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Associations between independent characteristics and outcomes were analysed by univariate and multivariate statistics. Results: 25.3% of the subjects had PTSD confirmed by both IDCL and PDS with higher rates in the AD (34.1%) and D (29.9%) groups compared with group A (15.4%, p < 0.001). In 22.8%, PTSD was subsyndromal (either IDCL or PDS positive) without significant differences between SUD groups, and 18.3% met PTSD trauma criteria A without PTSD (exposure). After controlling for SUD and gender, trauma subgroups significantly differed regarding the onset of alcohol- related symptoms (p < 0.02), numbers of previous admissions (p < 0.03), severity of SUD (p < 0.001), current craving (p < 0.02), and psychopathology (p < 0.001). We observed the worst outcome in PTSD, while trauma exposure had no effects. Conclusions: The prevalence of PTSD is higher in drug than in alcohol dependence. The more strictly PTSD is diagnosed (by interviewer and questionnaire) the more clearly are associations with characteristics of SUD. PTSD seems to be an independent risk factor for an unfavorable outcome of SUD. copyright 2008 by the Research Society on Alcoholism. ISSN 0145-6008 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research Volume 32 Issue Part 3 Page 481-488 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication Mar 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <668> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008098786 Authors Corrigan J. Deutschle J. Institution (Corrigan) Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States. (Deutschle) Hopewell Counseling and Consultation, Newark, OH, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title The presence and impact of traumatic brain injury among clients in treatment for cooccurring mental illness and substance abuse. Source Brain Injury. 22(3)(pp 223-231), 2008. Date of Publication: Mar 2008. Abstract Objectives: To compare diagnostic and treatment-related differences between persons participating in treatment for dually diagnosed substance use disorders and severe mental illness who have or do not have a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Prospective cohort. Interventions: Not applicable. Primary measures: Demographic information, diagnostic data, pre-treatment status, treatment participation and staff assessment of functioning. Results: Seventy-two percent of participants in treatment for dually diagnosed substance use disorders and severe mental illness reported a history of at least one TBI. Participants with TBI had greater morbidity as reflected in more complex psychiatric diagnoses and greater likelihood of being diagnosed with an Axis II personality disorder. Participants with a TBI showed tendencies toward earlier onset of substance use and worse current functioning. Both a greater number of injuries and earlier age at first TBI showed some indications of being associated with worse morbidity. Conclusions: Individuals dually diagnosed with substance use disorders and severe mental illness may have a high rate of TBI, which in turn could contribute to important clinical and treatment differences. Results also suggested the need for validated methods of identifying aspects of a prior history of TBI that provide more information than presence/absence. ISSN 0269-9052 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Brain Injury Volume 22 Issue Part 3 Page 223-231 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication Mar 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <742> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008032021 Authors Pompili M. Lester D. Innamorati M. Tatarelli R. Girardi P. Institution (Pompili) Department of Psychiatry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189 Roma, Italy. (Pompili, Tatarelli, Girardi) Department of Psychiatry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189 Roma, Italy. (Pompili) McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. (Lester) Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Pomona, NJ 08240, United States. (Innamorati) Universita Europea, Roma, Italy, Piazza Filattiera 12, 00139 Roma, Italy. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Assessment and treatment of suicide risk in schizophrenia. Source Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 8(1)(pp 51-74), 2008. Date of Publication: Jan 2008. Abstract Schizophrenic patients at risk of suicide are more likely to be young, male, white, never married, with post-psychotic depression, and a history of substance abuse and suicide attempts. Hopelessness, social isolation, awareness of illness and hospitalization are also related to suicide risk. Deteriorating health with a high level of premorbid functioning, recent loss or rejection, limited external support, family stress or instability are other features that have been reported in schizophrenic patients who commit suicide. Atypical antipsychotics, especially clozapine, have emerged as important tools in the therapeutic armamentarium. Psychosocial intervention and psychotherapy may play an important role in the management of suicide risk, especially if such interventions help the patient face daily difficulties, loneliness and conflicts inside the family. copyright 2008 Future Drugs Ltd. ISSN 1473-7175 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics Volume 8 Issue Part 1 Page 51-74 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication Jan 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <780> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007611104 Authors Buckner J.D. Schmidt N.B. Lang A.R. Small J.W. Schlauch R.C. Lewinsohn P.M. Institution (Buckner, Schmidt, Lang, Schlauch) Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 323061270, United States. (Small, Lewinsohn) Oregon Research Institute, 1715 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403-1983, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Specificity of social anxiety disorder as a risk factor for alcohol and cannabis dependence. Source Journal of Psychiatric Research. 42(3)(pp 230-239), 2008. Date of Publication: Feb 2008. Abstract Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is highly comorbid with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and cannabis dependence. However, the temporal sequencing of these disorders has not been extensively studied to determine whether SAD serves as a specific risk factor for problematic substance use. The present study examined these relationships after controlling for theoretically-relevant variables (e.g., gender, other Axis I pathology) in a longitudinal cohort over approximately 14 years. The sample was drawn from participants in the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project. After excluding those with substance use disorders at baseline, SAD at study entry was associated with 6.5 greater odds of cannabis dependence (but not abuse) and 4.5 greater odds of alcohol dependence (but not abuse) at follow-up after controlling for relevant variables (e.g., gender, depression, conduct disorder). The relationship between SAD and alcohol and cannabis dependence remained even after controlling for other anxiety disorders. Other anxiety disorders and mood disorders were not associated with subsequent cannabis or alcohol use disorder after controlling for relevant variables. Among the internalizing disorders, SAD appears to serve as a unique risk factor for the subsequent onset of cannabis and alcohol dependence. copyright 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0022-3956 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Journal of Psychiatric Research Volume 42 Issue Part 3 Page 230-239 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication Feb 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <238> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008611289 Authors Greener M. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Glutamate and schizophrenia: New insights, new treatments. Source Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry. 12(1)(pp 7-9), 2008. Date of Publication: 2008. Publisher John Wiley and Sons Ltd Abstract There is increasing evidence to suggest that dopamine may not be as central to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia as previously believed. Here, Mark Greener provides an overview of studies supporting the primary role of glutamate in the development of schizophrenia and discusses its potential as a novel therapeutic target. ISSN 1367-7543 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry Volume 12 Issue Part 1 Page 7-9 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication 2008 COMORBIDITY 2008 <241> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008611097 Authors Atakan Z. Institution (Atakan) National Psychosis Unit, Maudsley and Bethlem Royal Hospitals, London, United Kingdom. (Atakan) Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Cannabis use by people with severe mental illness - Is it important? Source Advances in Psychiatric Treatment. 14(6)(pp 423-431), 2008. Date of Publication: 2008. Publisher Royal College of Psychiatrists Abstract Cannabis use is more common among people with severe mental illness than in the general population. It has detrimental effects on the course of the illness, physical health and social life of users, as well as being a financial burden on health services. It is important to understand why some people with severe mental illness continue to use cannabis, despite experiencing its effects on their condition. This article reviews research on the scale of cannabis use by such patients, the effects on the course of their illness, possible reasons to explain why they use it, and how they can be assessed in clinical settings, as well as providing some assessment tools to measure various characteristics related to cannabis use. ISSN 1355-5146 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Advances in Psychiatric Treatment Volume 14 Issue Part 6 Page 423-431 Year of Publication 2008 Date of Publication 2008