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COMORBIDITY<4> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007252029 Authors DeMarce J.M. Burden J.L. Lash S.J. Stephens R.S. Grambow S.C. Institutio (DeMarce, Burden, Lash) Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1970 Roanoke Blvd, Salem, VA 24153, United States. (DeMarce, Stephens) Virginia Polytechnic Institute, State University, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States. (Burden, Lash) University of Virginia, Salem, VA 24153, United States. (Grambow) Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States. (Grambow) Duke University Medical Center, (DUMC) Hock Plaza Room: 11031, Durham, NC 27710, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Convergent validity of the Timeline Followback for persons with comorbid psychiatric disorders engaged in residential substance use treatment. Source Addictive Behaviors. 32(8)(pp 1582-1592), 2007. Date of Publication: Aug 2007. Abstract This study examined the convergent validity of the Timeline Followback (TLFB) for individuals with comorbid (Axis I and/or Axis II) psychiatric disorders in a sample of persons (N = 150) engaged in residential treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). Approximately one-half of the sample was diagnosed with at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder. Validity was assessed comparing data from the TLFB with data from the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and collateral reports. For the entire sample, data from the TLFB was significantly correlated with data from the ASI and collateral reports of substance use. No significant differences were found between those with and those without a comorbid psychiatric disorder, suggesting that the TLFB was equally valid for both groups. copyright 2006. ISSN 0306-4603 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addictive Behaviors Volume 32 Issue Part 8 Page 1582-1592 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Aug 2007 COMORBIDITY <8> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007246757 Authors Ouimette P. Coolhart D. Funderburk J.S. Wade M. Brown P.J. Institution (Ouimette) Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States. (Coolhart, Funderburk, Wade) Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Precipitants of first substance use in recently abstinent substance use disorder patients with PTSD. Source Addictive Behaviors. 32(8)(pp 1719-1727), 2007. Date of Publication: Aug 2007. Abstract Patients with substance use (SUD) and posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) are at high risk for relapse. This study examined the reasons patients identify for their first substance use following discharge from SUD treatment. A total of 65 patients with and without PTSD completed clinical interviews, including an adapted version of the Relapse Interview [RI; Miller, W.R., & Marlatt, G.A. (1996). Appendix A: Relapse Interview. Addiction, 91(Suppl), 231-240.] at a 6-month follow-up. Qualitative data from the RI was consensus coded using Marlatt's taxonomy of relapse situations. Results indicated that patients with PTSD were less likely to report first substance use triggered by cue-based urges and more likely to report use in response to negative emotions of an interpersonal nature than those patients without PTSD. Other characteristics of first use associated with PTSD included greater subjective urges right before using, greater efforts to obtain substances and more likelihood to use to intoxication. Patients with unremitted PTSD reported poorer outcome and self-efficacy expectations than those without PTSD or with remitted PTSD. Implications for self-medication theory and clinical practice are discussed. copyright 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0306-4603 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addictive Behaviors Volume 32 Issue Part 8 Page 1719-1727 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Aug 2007 COMORBIDITY <20> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007386334 Authors Rounsaville B.J. Institution (Rounsaville) VA CT Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue (151D), West Haven, CT 06516, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title DSM-V research agenda: Substance abuse/psychosis comorbidity. Source Schizophrenia Bulletin. 33(4)(pp 947-952), 2007. Date of Publication: Jun 2007. Abstract For diagnosis of patients with comorbid psychotic symptoms and substance use disorders (SUDs), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, makes clear distinctions between independent psychotic disorders (eg, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) and substance-induced syndromes (eg, delirium, dementias). Most substance-induced psychotic symptoms are considered to be short lived and to resolve with sustained abstinence along with other symptoms of substance intoxication and withdrawal. These guidelines are challenged by practical difficulties in distinguishing between substance-induced and independent psychoses and by mounting evidence that marijuana use may be a contributing cause of schizophrenia. To inform the diagnostic distinction between substance-induced vs independent psychotic symptoms, 2 kinds of information could be sought from longitudinal research: (a) identification of early markers that clearly differentiate the 2 conditions and (b) more precise information about duration of psychotic symptoms induced by different substances. Evidence of this type could emerge from reanalysis of existing data from largescale longitudinal studies of community samples. To inform possible nosological changes related to the possible schizophrenia-inducing role of marijuana (eg, designating a "cannabisinduced" subtype), a wide range of research evidence will be needed to clarify the relationship between effects of cannabis and schizophrenia symptoms. Ultimately, the ideal psychiatric nomenclature will define syndromes on the basis of established etiology and/or pathophysiology. Given the strong association between SUDs and psychotic disorders, research on the neurobiology of psychotic disorders could fruitfully include subjects with comorbid SUDs to shed light on shared etiology and pathophysiology. copyright The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. ISSN 0586-7614 Publication Type Journal: Conference Paper Journal Name Schizophrenia Bulletin Volume 33 Issue Part 4 Page 947-952 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Jun 2007 COMORBIDITY <36> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007385291 Authors Trathen B. O'Gara C. Sarkhel A. Sessay M. Rao H. Luty J. Institution (Trathen) CDAT, 2nd floor Aylmer House, Kitson Way, Harlow, Essex CM20 1DL, United Kingdom. (O'Gara) Maudsley Hospital, Institute of Psychiatry, United Kingdom. (Sarkhel, Rao, Luty) The Taylor Centre, Essex Street, Southend on Sea, Essex SS4 1RB, United Kingdom. (Sessay) Merton Community Drug Team, Springfield Hospital, 61 Glenburnie Road, London, SW17 7DJ, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Co-morbidity and cannabis use in a mental health trust in South East England. Source Addictive Behaviors. 32(10)(pp 2164-2177), 2007. Date of Publication: Oct 2007. Abstract Aim: The prevalence of co-morbidity (severe mental illness and substance) may be less in rural and semi-rural areas than inner cities. The aims were therefore to measure the prevalence of co-morbidity among patients of attending a mental health service in a semi-rural area South East England. Design and participants: Cross-sectional prevalence survey of 1808 patients with detailed assessments from a representative sample of 373 patients identified as having a combination of severe mental illness and substance misuse. Interviews with key workers were performed using validated methods from the COSMIC study. Results: The response rates equalled or exceeded 90% for the various parts of the study. One-tenth of patients attending the Community Mental Health Teams (CMHTs) reported problematic use of illicit drugs and 17% reported alcohol problems in the past year. 22% of Community Drug and Alcohol Service (CDAS) clients reported a severe mental illness and 46% reported some other form of psychiatric disorder. Of patients with a combined diagnosis of mental illness and substance misuse, cannabis use was 4-fold more common amongst patients attending the CMHT than CDAS (33% vs. 8%) while use of amphetamine was five-fold higher in the CMHT group (10% vs. 2%). Patients with concurrent psychiatric and substance misuse problems represent a similar proportion of the aggregate caseload of both treatment services with observed prevalence amongst the CDAS and CMHT patients with a diagnosis for anxiety disorder (18% vs. 26%), minor depression (42% vs. 32%), personality disorders (32% vs. 36%), histories of self-harm (52% vs. 46%) and violence (33% vs. 30%) respectively. Conclusions: Co-morbidity is common in clients amongst CMHT and CDAS clients although use of cannabis was significantly more common in CMHT clients than in CDAS clients. copyright 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0306-4603 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addictive Behaviors Volume 32 Issue Part 10 Page 2164-2177 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Oct 2007 COMORBIDITY <42> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007380542 Authors Resnick H.S. Acierno R. Amstadter A.B. Self-Brown S. Kilpatrick D.G. Institution (Resnick, Acierno, Amstadter, Self-Brown, Kilpatrick) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425-0742, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title An acute post-sexual assault intervention to prevent drug abuse: Updated findings. Source Addictive Behaviors. 32(10)(pp 2032-2045), 2007. Date of Publication: Oct 2007. Abstract Sexual assault and rape routinely produce extreme distress and negative psychological reactions in victims. Further, past research suggests that victims are at increased risk of developing substance use or abuse post-rape. The post-rape forensic medical exam may itself exacerbate peritraumatic distress because it includes cues that may serve as reminders of the assault, thereby potentiating post-assault negative sequelae. To address these problems, a two-part video intervention was developed to take advantage of the existing sexual assault forensic exam infrastructure, and to specifically (a) minimize anxiety/discomfort during forensic examinations, thereby reducing risk of future emotional problems, and (b) prevent increased substance use and abuse following sexual assault. Updated findings with a sample of 268 sexual assault victims participating in the forensic medical exam and completing one or more follow-up assessments at: (1)< 3 months post-assault; (2) 3 to 6 months post-assault; or (3) 6 months or longer post-assault indicated that the video was associated with significantly lower frequency of marijuana use at each time point, among women who reported use prior to the assault. copyright 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0306-4603 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addictive Behaviors Volume 32 Issue Part 10 Page 2032-2045 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Oct 2007 COMORBIDITY <51> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007373369 Authors Borras L. Huguelet P. Institution (Borras, Huguelet) Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva, Division of Adult Psychiatry, Geneva, Switzerland. (Borras) University Hospital of Geneva, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Adult Psychiatry, 36 Rue du XXXI Decembre, Geneva, 1207, Switzerland. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Schizophrenia and pathological gambling. Source American Journal on Addictions. 16(4)(pp 269-271), 2007. Date of Publication: Jul 2007. Abstract High rates of pathological gambling are found in psychiatric populations, including those with mood or substance use disorders. The extent to which individuals with schizophrenia exhibit the symptoms of pathological gambling has not been adequately investigated. This paper examines the case of a 40-year-old schizophrenic female with a four-year history of gambling. The characteristics of possible interactions between pathological gambling and schizophrenic symptom profiles are outlined in order to propose better treatments for this group of patients. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 16 Issue Part 4 Page 269-271 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Jul 2007 COMORBIDITY <52> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007373368 Authors Akerele E. Levin F.R. Institution (Akerele) Department of Psychiatry, Harlem Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States. (Levin) Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States. (Akerele) Department of Psychiatry, 506 Lenox Avenue, New York, NY 10037, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Comparison of olanzapine to risperidone in substance-abusing individuals with schizophrenia. Source American Journal on Addictions. 16(4)(pp 260-268), 2007. Date of Publication: Jul 2007. Abstract A 14-week double blind study compared the efficacy of olanzapine to risperidone in reducing marijuana/cocaine craving and use in individuals with schizophrenia. The study consisted of three phases: a two-week assessment phase, a two-week cross-taper phase onto olanzapine/risperidone, and a ten-week period of maintenance on olanzapine/risperidone. The proportion of cocaine-positive urines decreases over time for both groups with a trend for a greater reduction for the olanzapine group compared to risperidone group. In the last six weeks, marijuana craving was more likely for the risperidone group compared to the olanzapine group, although there was no group difference in the proportion of negative marijuana urines. The data suggest some potential for the utility of olanzapine for the treatment of cocaine dependence in individuals with schizophrenia. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 16 Issue Part 4 Page 260-268 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Jul 2007 COMORBIDITY <53> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007373367 Authors Rubin E. Aharonovich E. Bisaga A. Levin F.R. Raby W.N. Nunes E.V. Institution (Rubin, Aharonovich, Bisaga, Levin, Raby, Nunes) Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States. (Rubin) New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Early abstinence in cocaine dependence: Influence of comorbid major depression. Source American Journal on Addictions. 16(4)(pp 283-290), 2007. Date of Publication: Jul 2007. Abstract Cocaine dependence (CD) is often accompanied by major depressive disorder (MDD). The comorbid condition (CD + MDD) is especially difficult to treat, with relapse possibly made more likely by intensified dysphoria during abstinence in the setting of MDD. We studied treatment-seeking CD + MDD volunteers, currently depressed, and a comparison CD group over three days of inpatient monitored abstinence. At admission, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and anxiety scores differed significantly between groups. By Day 3, BDI scores improved for both CD and CD + MDD groups. The mood response to cocaine cessation among CD + MDD individuals resembled that of CD participants, contrary to some expectations. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 16 Issue Part 4 Page 283-290 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Jul 2007 COMORBIDITY <54> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007373366 Authors Batki S.L. Dimmock J.A. Wade M. Gately P.W. Cornell M. Maisto S.A. Carey K.B. Ploutz-Snyder R. Institution (Batki, Dimmock, Gately, Cornell, Maisto, Carey, Ploutz-Snyder) Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States. (Batki, Wade, Maisto) VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse, NY, United States. (Batki) Hutchings Psychiatric Center, New York State Office of Mental Health, Syracuse, NY, United States. (Maisto, Carey) Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States. (Batki) Addiction Psychiatry Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Monitored naltrexone without counseling for alcohol abuse/dependence in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Source American Journal on Addictions. 16(4)(pp 253-259), 2007. Date of Publication: Jul 2007. Abstract This clinical trial assessed the effects of monitored naltrexone treatment in 19 subjects with schizophrenia spectrum and alcohol use disorders in an eight-week prospective open pilot study. Naltrexone was directly administered to subjects in oral doses of 100 mg on Mondays and Wednesdays, and 150 mg on Fridays. Subjects received reimbursement for attending the three weekly study visits. Subjects continued to receive their usual psychiatric care with no added alcohol counseling provided. Alcohol use was assessed by self-report and biomarkers. Psychosis severity was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Subjects reported significant reductions in their number of drinks per week, drinks per drinking day, days of drinking to intoxication, and alcohol craving. Subjects also showed significant reductions in Addiction Severity Index (ASI) alcohol composite scores and in PANSS positive, negative and general psychopathology scores. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 16 Issue Part 4 Page 253-259 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Jul 2007 COMORBIDITY <96> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007325476 Authors Henwood B. Padgett D.K. Institution (Henwood, Padgett) New York University, School of Social Work, New York, NY, United States. (Henwood) c/o NYSS, 838 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Reevaluating the self-medication hypothesis among the dually diagnosed. Source American Journal on Addictions. 16(3)(pp 160-165), 2007. Date of Publication: May 2007. Abstract The self-medication hypothesis (SMH) is an intuitively appealing explanation for substance use. Conceptually, however, it is not always clear what the hypothesis entails, particularly when applied to persons with mental and substance use disorders. This makes empirical support for SMH difficult to evaluate. By classifying the self-reported reasons for substance use from 33 participants in a NIMH-funded qualitative study of dual diagnosis and homelessness, this study aims to evaluate the applicability of SMH. How one conceptualizes SMH will determine whether SMH is empirically supported. When SMH refers to using substances strictly to cope with symptoms of mental disorders, only 11 out of 72 attributions support it. When SMH refers to using substances to cope with painful feelings in general, more than half of all attributions support SMH. The significance of accurately understanding the various reasons people give for why they use substances is discussed. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 16 Issue Part 3 Page 160-165 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication May 200COMORBIDITY <103> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007325465 Authors Sbrana A. Bizzarri J.V. Rucci P. Gonnelli C. Massei J.G. Ravani L. Endicott J. Maser J.D. Cassano G.B. Institution (Sbrana, Gonnelli, Massei, Ravani, Cassano) Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Universita' di Pisa, Pisa, Italy. (Bizzarri) Servizio Per Le Dipendenze, Azienda Sanitaria di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy. (Rucci) Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States. (Endicott) Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States. (Maser) Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States. (Maser) Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States. (Sbrana) Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56127 Pisa, Italy. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Family history of psychiatric disorders and alcohol and substance misuse in patients with bipolar I disorder, substance use disorder, or both. Source American Journal on Addictions. 16(3)(pp 227-231), 2007. Date of Publication: May 2007. Abstract Family history data were collected on first-degree relatives of 78 patients with bipolar I disorder (BD) and substance use disorder (SUD), 47 with BD only, and 35 with SUD only. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly higher in first-degree relatives of patients with BD + SUD (64%) and BD (61%) compared with first-degree relatives of SUD patients (20%). The prevalence of alcohol misuse was significantly higher in first-degree relatives of patients with BD + SUD (23.1%) and SUD alone (28.6%) compared to first-degree relatives of patients with BD (4.3%). Our findings suggest that BD and SUD do not share familial risk factors. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 16 Issue Part 3 Page 227-231 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication May 2007 COMORBIDITY <111> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007312821 Authors Degenhardt L. Tennant C. Gilmour S. Schofield D. Nash L. Hall W. McKay D. Institution (Degenhardt, Gilmour) National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. (Tennant, Schofield, Nash) University of Sydney, Psychological Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. (Hall) School of Population Health, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title The temporal dynamics of relationships between cannabis, psychosis and depression among young adults with psychotic disorders: Findings from a 10-month prospective study. Source Psychological Medicine. 37(7)(pp 927-934), 2007. Date of Publication: Jul 2007. Abstract Background. The aim was to examine the temporal relationships over 10 months between cannabis use and symptoms of psychosis and depression in people with schizophrenia and related disorders. The design was a prospective study of 101 patients with schizophrenia and related disorders who were assessed monthly over 10 months on medication compliance, cannabis and other drug use, symptoms of depression and symptoms of psychosis. Method. Linear regression methods to assess relationships between cannabis use and symptoms of psychosis and depression while adjusting for serial dependence, medication compliance and other demographic and clinical variables. Results. Cannabis use predicted a small but statistically significant increase in symptoms of psychosis, but not depression, after controlling for other differences between cannabis users and non-users. Symptoms of depression and psychosis did not predict cannabis use. Conclusion. Continued cannabis use by persons with schizophrenia predicts a small increase in psychotic symptom severity but not vice versa. copyright 2007 Cambridge University Press. ISSN 0033-2917 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Psychological Medicine Volume 37 Issue Part 7 Page 927-934 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Jul 2007 COMORBIDITY <112> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007312819 Authors Macleod J. Institution (Macleod) Department of Primary Care and General Practice, Primary Care Clinical Sciences and Learning Centre Building, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Cannabis use and symptom experience amongst people with mental illness: A commentary on Degenhardt et al. Source Psychological Medicine. 37(7)(pp 913-916), 2007. Date of Publication: Jul 2007. Abstract A high proportion of people who have a serious mental illness also use non-prescribed psychoactive drugs. This association is perhaps most apparent, and possibly also has the greatest implications for health, in relation to tobacco use. In fact recognition of the special relationship between mental illness and smoking was recently reflected in exemption of psychiatric units from legislation to ban smoking in enclosed public spaces in the UK (UK Smoking Law Resource Centre, 2007). The prevalence of tobacco use has generally decreased in most European, North American and Australasian countries, however, use of other psychoactive drugs, has not followed this pattern (Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, 2006). Cannabis use in particular is widespread, both in the general population but especially so amongst people with serious and enduring mental illness, particularly psychotic illness. Recognition of the particular coincidence of cannabis use with psychotic illness amongst psychiatric patients was one of the observations that precipitated current debate around the possible aetiological role of cannabis use in relation to incidence of schizophrenia (Thornicroft, 1990; Hall, 2006; Macleod et a. 2006). copyright 2007 Cambridge University Press. ISSN 0033-2917 Publication Type Journal: Note Journal Name Psychological Medicine Volume 37 Issue Part 7 Page 913-916 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Jul 2007 COMORBIDITY <113> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007312818 Authors Morgan C. Institution (Morgan) Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title In this issue. Source Psychological Medicine. 37(7)(pp 911-912), 2007. Date of Publication: Jul 2007. Abstract This issue contains a commentary on the paper by Degenhardt et al. and one review on participant distress in psychiatric research. Other sets of papers examine various aspects of cannabis and other substance use disorders, borderline and other personality disorders, and six individual papers examine a variety of topics. copyright 2007 Cambridge University Press. ISSN 0033-2917 Publication Type Journal: Editorial Journal Name Psychological Medicine Volume 37 Issue Part 7 Page 911-912 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Jul 2007