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Chapter 15 Marine pollution: Capacity building in Project-4 Koji Inoue and Nobuyuki Miyazaki Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan Introduction Marine pollution is obviously an international issue because there is no practical border to prevent diffusion of pollutants in the sea, although many countries have declared exclusive economic zone (EEZ). In addition, environmental pollution is generally caused by human activities and thus public attention is very important to prevent and control it. For these reasons, we have held international symposia and workshops at various locations of the member countries, i.e., Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Japan; Some of them were opened for public, and some accepted participants from non-member countries, and some were held as a session of large international conferences that draw public attention. We have, of course, held training courses and workshops for scientists. We have also held joint symposia, under the linkage with The United Nations University, in Japan. Training Course One of the most important events during the first phase was “The JSPS International Workshop for Intercalibration of Hazard- ous Chemicals” held at Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10–14 March 2003 (Fig. 1). It was held as a training course for the scientists from the member countries, i.e., Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Thirty-three scientists from the 6 countries participated in the workshop to share latest technologies for pollution analyses. After the keynote lecture by Dr. P. H. Viet of Vietnam National University, Dr. I. Watanabe of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Dr. H. Harino of Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Dr. H. Takada of TUAT, Dr. G. Wattayakorn of Chulalongkorn University gave lectures on analyses of Heavy metals, Organotin compounds (OTs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Organochlorine compounds (OCs), respectively. Using the equipments prepared for the workshop, participants performed analyses of the same samples by themselves and the comparison of the results was carried out. The participants also exchanged the information on analytical systems in their institutes during the workshop. This workshop provided a very good opportunity to share the knowledge and protocol among scientists. S. Nishida, M. D. Fortes and N. Miyazaki, eds. Coastal Marine Science in Southeast Asia —Synthesis Report of the Core University Program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science: Coastal Marine Science (2001–2010), pp. 135–141. © by TERRAPUB 2011. 136 K. I NOUE AND N. M IYAZAKI Fig. 1. Snapshots at “The JSPS International Workshop for Intercalibration of Hazardous Chemicals” held at Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2003. Fig. 2. International-collaborative sampling at Manila Bay (upper, left and right), Halong Bay (lower, left), Kuala Lumpur (lower right). Marine pollution: Capacity building 137 International-collaborative samplings were also performed at many locations such as Manila Bay, Halong Bay, Jakarta Bay, Strait of Malacca, Gulf of Thailand, and many places, under the leadership of the core members of the POME group and local core institutes (Fig. 2). These activities also provided good opportunities for training. POME Workshops From 2005, POME workshop has been held every year to share the new information and new data of each country (Fig. 3). The venues of the workshop were, Tokyo (2005), Halong City (2006), Jakarta (2007), Kota Kinabalu (2008), Manado (2009), and Kashiwa (2010). The workshops have been open for scientists who are not members of the CMS program and thus provided good opportunities to recruit young talented scientists to the project. Among them, the workshop in Kota Kinabalu, 2008, was held in relation with The Seventh IOC/WESTPAC International Scientific Symposium and appealed the importance of the activities of the POME project to the participants of the IOC/ WESTPAC Symposium. In addition, the workshop in Manado, 2009, was held as a session of Marine Pollution of The International Symposium on Ocean Science, Technology and Policy, which was a part of The World Ocean Conference 2009 (WOC 2009) (Fig. 4). Thus, it was a good opportunity to share the information with many scientists from countries other than the 6 member countries. The activities of the POME group were also presented at International Scientific Symposium “Ocean Science at the Dawn of a New Millenium”, in Seoul, Korea, on 27–31 August, 2001, IOC/WESTPAC Meeting at Hangzhou, Republic of China, on 19 April to 2 May, 2004, and International Conference on Marine Ecosystem (INCOMES) 2009, in Langkawi, Malaysia, on 26–28 Fig. 3. POME Workshops in 2005 (Tokyo, Japan) and 2006 (Halong City, Vietnam). May, 2009. In 2007, The ASEAN International Conference “Conservation on the Coastal Environment” was held at Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand on 12–13 November 2007 was held by the members of the POME project, to share information with ASEAN countries including Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Singapore, and the 6 member countries of the CMS program (Fig. 5). UNU-related Activities In cooperation with The United Nations University (UNU), Ocean Research Institute (ORI) of The University of Tokyo has held joint workshops in Iwate prefecture, Japan (Fig. 6). The POME project supported these workshops. Main focus of the 138 K. I NOUE AND N. M IYAZAKI Fig. 4. POME Workshop 2008 was held at Manado, Indonesia as a part of World Ocean Conference. Fig. 5. The ASEAN International Conference “Conservation on the Coastal Environment”. workshops was on understanding the coastal ecology, but emphasis was on different aspects at each workshop: nutrient cycles in the coastal areas and their impact on fishing resources, and pollution in coastal areas and its impact on the living resources (3rd workshop, 2001), on material recycling and environmental capacity for aquaculture, and pollution in coastal areas and its impact on the living resources (4th, 2004), coastal and marine ecosystems, and advanced technology, such as Bio-logging and remote-sensing (5th, 2004), tsunami related issues including importance of mangroves and forests on coastal areas, sustainable fishery, and shellfish poison (6th, 2005). Participants were from variety of countries including United States, Fiji, India, China, Korea, Singapore, and so on, in addition to the 6 member countries of the CMS program. In addition to the workshops, International Conferences “Man and Ocean” has been also held as UNU-ORI-Iwate joint symposium, in Tokyo and Iwate, in 2002 and 2006, with participants from 16 countries in total. As the theme of the conference is the relation of marine environment 139 Marine pollution: Capacity building Fig. 6. UNU-ORI International Conference “Man & the Ocean”, Japan, 8–12 July 2002 (upper) and The 3rd UNU-ORI International Workshop “Marine Environment”, Japan, 21–26 Oct. 2001 (lower). with human activities, the member of the POME project played important roles. The conferences contained public seminars, which were good opportunities to appeal the activities to public. lic. The book “The ASEAN International Conference: Conservation on the Coastal Environment” is suitable for education of students (Miyazaki and Wattayakorn 2008). Publications Education The accomplishments of the POME project have been published in enormous number of scientific papers and books as shown in Appendix 2. Publications include not only those for specialists but also for public. For example, of the two books published with the UNU conferences “Man and the Ocean” (Miyazaki et al. 2005) is for specialists and “Marine life off the Sanriku Coast” (Miyazaki 2005) is for general pub- Ocean Research Institute (Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute since 2010) of The University of Tokyo, Core institute of the CMS program, and other institutes participating in the program have accepted international students from the member countries. For example, ORI has accepted Malaysian and Vietnamese graduate students. After finishing Ph.D. thesis, they are expected to become a core of the next gen- 140 K. I NOUE AND N. M IYAZAKI Fig. 7. Lecture by Dr. Masato Kinoshita on transgenic fish at Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia, in 2009. Fig. 8. Signing ceremony of MoU between Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo and Universiti Putra Malaysia. eration of the marine pollution researchers in their native countries. Members of the POME project also gave lectures when visiting institutions of other members. For example, Dr. Koji Inoue of ORI and Dr. Masato Kinoshita of Kyoto University presented the research of pollution monitoring using transgenic medaka at Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia in 2009 (Fig. 7). Scientists from Southeast Asia also played important roles for education of Japanese or international students studying in Japan. For example, Drs. Inneke Rumengan and Daniel Limbong were invited to International Coastal Research Center of ORI as guest associate professors and participated in education of Japanese and international students. Drs. Maricar Prudente, Gullaya Wattayakorn, and Inneke Rumengan also gave a lecture at Kobe College in 2010. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) ORI signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) in May 2009 (Fig. 8). This is a re- Marine pollution: Capacity building sult of cooperative researches in the POME project, mainly among Prof. Ahmad Ismail, Assoc. Prof. Mohamed Pauzi Zakaria of UPM and Prof. Nobuyuki Miyazaki and Assoc. Prof. Koji Inoue of ORI. Scientists and students of both institutions are visiting each other for researches and education under the support by JSPS and other funding sources. Tight linkage between the two institutions is expected even after the end of the present CMS program. Conclusion For outreach activities concerning environmental pollution, two types of activities are required; one is the activity for the people directly involved in environmental issues, e.g., researchers in university, those in public institutes, pollution inspectors, stuff of waste management sections in private companies, members of non-government organizations, as well as policy makers at various levels. The other is the activity for 141 more general public. Attention of ordinary people is very important for environmental conservation. Especially for local environmental issues, the people inhabiting a region are most sensitive to the environment of the region. Environmental awareness by the ordinary people in every countries and regions will finally strengthen the movement for global environmental conservation. The POME project has made efforts for both types of outreach activities beyond the border of countries. We believe that our activities have produced considerable effects on conservation and control of the environment of Southeast Asia. Acknowledgements We express sincere thanks to Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for the funding and support for the CMS program and for the POME project. We are also grateful to all the persons who have supported the POME projects. References Miyazaki N (2005) Marine Life off the Sanriku Coast. Scientist Publishing Co., 311 pp. Miyazaki N, Wattayakorn G (2008) The ASEAN International Conference: Conservation on the Coastal Environment. Shunjusha, 132 pp. Miyazaki N, Adeel Z, Ohwada K (2005) Mankind and the Oceans. United Nations Press, 220 pp.