Download Marine pollution: Capacity building in Project-4

Chapter 15
Marine pollution: Capacity building in Project-4
Koji Inoue and Nobuyuki Miyazaki
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo,
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan
Introduction
Marine pollution is obviously an international issue because there is no practical
border to prevent diffusion of pollutants
in the sea, although many countries have
declared exclusive economic zone (EEZ).
In addition, environmental pollution is
generally caused by human activities and
thus public attention is very important to
prevent and control it. For these reasons,
we have held international symposia and
workshops at various locations of the
member countries, i.e., Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and
Japan; Some of them were opened for public, and some accepted participants from
non-member countries, and some were
held as a session of large international conferences that draw public attention. We
have, of course, held training courses and
workshops for scientists. We have also held
joint symposia, under the linkage with The
United Nations University, in Japan.
Training Course
One of the most important events during
the first phase was “The JSPS International
Workshop for Intercalibration of Hazard-
ous Chemicals” held at Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10–14
March 2003 (Fig. 1). It was held as a training course for the scientists from the member countries, i.e., Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Thirty-three scientists from the 6 countries
participated in the workshop to share latest technologies for pollution analyses.
After the keynote lecture by Dr. P. H. Viet
of Vietnam National University, Dr. I.
Watanabe of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Dr. H.
Harino of Osaka City Institute of Public
Health and Environmental Sciences, Dr. H.
Takada of TUAT, Dr. G. Wattayakorn of
Chulalongkorn University gave lectures on
analyses of Heavy metals, Organotin compounds (OTs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Organochlorine compounds (OCs), respectively. Using the
equipments prepared for the workshop,
participants performed analyses of the
same samples by themselves and the comparison of the results was carried out. The
participants also exchanged the information on analytical systems in their institutes
during the workshop. This workshop provided a very good opportunity to share the
knowledge and protocol among scientists.
S. Nishida, M. D. Fortes and N. Miyazaki, eds.
Coastal Marine Science in Southeast Asia —Synthesis Report of the Core University Program of the Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science: Coastal Marine Science (2001–2010), pp. 135–141.
© by TERRAPUB 2011.
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K. I NOUE
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Fig. 1.
Snapshots at “The JSPS International Workshop for Intercalibration of Hazardous
Chemicals” held at Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2003.
Fig. 2. International-collaborative sampling at Manila Bay (upper, left and right), Halong Bay
(lower, left), Kuala Lumpur (lower right).
Marine pollution: Capacity building
137
International-collaborative samplings
were also performed at many locations
such as Manila Bay, Halong Bay, Jakarta
Bay, Strait of Malacca, Gulf of Thailand,
and many places, under the leadership of
the core members of the POME group and
local core institutes (Fig. 2). These activities also provided good opportunities for
training.
POME Workshops
From 2005, POME workshop has been
held every year to share the new information and new data of each country (Fig. 3).
The venues of the workshop were, Tokyo
(2005), Halong City (2006), Jakarta
(2007), Kota Kinabalu (2008), Manado
(2009), and Kashiwa (2010). The workshops have been open for scientists who
are not members of the CMS program and
thus provided good opportunities to recruit
young talented scientists to the project.
Among them, the workshop in Kota
Kinabalu, 2008, was held in relation with
The Seventh IOC/WESTPAC International
Scientific Symposium and appealed the
importance of the activities of the POME
project to the participants of the IOC/
WESTPAC Symposium. In addition, the
workshop in Manado, 2009, was held as a
session of Marine Pollution of The International Symposium on Ocean Science,
Technology and Policy, which was a part
of The World Ocean Conference 2009
(WOC 2009) (Fig. 4). Thus, it was a good
opportunity to share the information with
many scientists from countries other than
the 6 member countries. The activities of
the POME group were also presented at
International Scientific Symposium
“Ocean Science at the Dawn of a New
Millenium”, in Seoul, Korea, on 27–31
August, 2001, IOC/WESTPAC Meeting at
Hangzhou, Republic of China, on 19 April
to 2 May, 2004, and International Conference on Marine Ecosystem (INCOMES)
2009, in Langkawi, Malaysia, on 26–28
Fig. 3. POME Workshops in 2005 (Tokyo, Japan) and 2006 (Halong City, Vietnam).
May, 2009.
In 2007, The ASEAN International
Conference “Conservation on the Coastal
Environment” was held at Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok, Thailand on 12–13
November 2007 was held by the members
of the POME project, to share information
with ASEAN countries including Brunei,
Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Singapore,
and the 6 member countries of the CMS
program (Fig. 5).
UNU-related Activities
In cooperation with The United Nations
University (UNU), Ocean Research Institute (ORI) of The University of Tokyo has
held joint workshops in Iwate prefecture,
Japan (Fig. 6). The POME project supported these workshops. Main focus of the
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Fig. 4.
POME Workshop 2008 was held at Manado, Indonesia as a part of World Ocean
Conference.
Fig. 5.
The ASEAN International Conference “Conservation on the Coastal Environment”.
workshops was on understanding the
coastal ecology, but emphasis was on different aspects at each workshop: nutrient
cycles in the coastal areas and their impact on fishing resources, and pollution in
coastal areas and its impact on the living
resources (3rd workshop, 2001), on material recycling and environmental capacity
for aquaculture, and pollution in coastal
areas and its impact on the living resources
(4th, 2004), coastal and marine ecosystems, and advanced technology, such as
Bio-logging and remote-sensing (5th,
2004), tsunami related issues including
importance of mangroves and forests on
coastal areas, sustainable fishery, and
shellfish poison (6th, 2005). Participants
were from variety of countries including
United States, Fiji, India, China, Korea,
Singapore, and so on, in addition to the 6
member countries of the CMS program.
In addition to the workshops, International Conferences “Man and Ocean” has
been also held as UNU-ORI-Iwate joint
symposium, in Tokyo and Iwate, in 2002
and 2006, with participants from 16 countries in total. As the theme of the conference is the relation of marine environment
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Marine pollution: Capacity building
Fig. 6. UNU-ORI International Conference “Man & the Ocean”, Japan, 8–12 July 2002 (upper) and The 3rd UNU-ORI International Workshop “Marine Environment”, Japan, 21–26 Oct.
2001 (lower).
with human activities, the member of the
POME project played important roles. The
conferences contained public seminars,
which were good opportunities to appeal
the activities to public.
lic. The book “The ASEAN International
Conference: Conservation on the Coastal
Environment” is suitable for education of
students (Miyazaki and Wattayakorn
2008).
Publications
Education
The accomplishments of the POME project
have been published in enormous number
of scientific papers and books as shown in
Appendix 2. Publications include not only
those for specialists but also for public. For
example, of the two books published with
the UNU conferences “Man and the
Ocean” (Miyazaki et al. 2005) is for specialists and “Marine life off the Sanriku
Coast” (Miyazaki 2005) is for general pub-
Ocean Research Institute (Atmosphere and
Ocean Research Institute since 2010) of
The University of Tokyo, Core institute of
the CMS program, and other institutes participating in the program have accepted
international students from the member
countries. For example, ORI has accepted
Malaysian and Vietnamese graduate students. After finishing Ph.D. thesis, they are
expected to become a core of the next gen-
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K. I NOUE
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Fig. 7. Lecture by Dr. Masato Kinoshita on transgenic fish at Sam Ratulangi University, Manado,
Indonesia, in 2009.
Fig. 8. Signing ceremony of MoU between Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo
and Universiti Putra Malaysia.
eration of the marine pollution researchers in their native countries. Members of
the POME project also gave lectures when
visiting institutions of other members. For
example, Dr. Koji Inoue of ORI and Dr.
Masato Kinoshita of Kyoto University presented the research of pollution monitoring using transgenic medaka at Sam
Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
in 2009 (Fig. 7).
Scientists from Southeast Asia also
played important roles for education of
Japanese or international students studying in Japan. For example, Drs. Inneke
Rumengan and Daniel Limbong were invited to International Coastal Research
Center of ORI as guest associate professors and participated in education of Japanese and international students. Drs.
Maricar Prudente, Gullaya Wattayakorn,
and Inneke Rumengan also gave a lecture
at Kobe College in 2010.
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
ORI signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Universiti Putra Malaysia
(UPM) in May 2009 (Fig. 8). This is a re-
Marine pollution: Capacity building
sult of cooperative researches in the POME
project, mainly among Prof. Ahmad Ismail,
Assoc. Prof. Mohamed Pauzi Zakaria of
UPM and Prof. Nobuyuki Miyazaki and
Assoc. Prof. Koji Inoue of ORI. Scientists
and students of both institutions are visiting each other for researches and education under the support by JSPS and other
funding sources. Tight linkage between the
two institutions is expected even after the
end of the present CMS program.
Conclusion
For outreach activities concerning environmental pollution, two types of activities are
required; one is the activity for the people
directly involved in environmental issues,
e.g., researchers in university, those in
public institutes, pollution inspectors, stuff
of waste management sections in private
companies, members of non-government
organizations, as well as policy makers at
various levels. The other is the activity for
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more general public. Attention of ordinary
people is very important for environmental conservation. Especially for local environmental issues, the people inhabiting
a region are most sensitive to the environment of the region. Environmental awareness by the ordinary people in every countries and regions will finally strengthen the
movement for global environmental conservation. The POME project has made
efforts for both types of outreach activities beyond the border of countries. We
believe that our activities have produced
considerable effects on conservation and
control of the environment of Southeast
Asia.
Acknowledgements
We express sincere thanks to Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science (JSPS) for the funding and
support for the CMS program and for the POME
project. We are also grateful to all the persons who
have supported the POME projects.
References
Miyazaki N (2005) Marine Life off the Sanriku Coast. Scientist Publishing Co., 311 pp.
Miyazaki N, Wattayakorn G (2008) The ASEAN International Conference: Conservation on the Coastal
Environment. Shunjusha, 132 pp.
Miyazaki N, Adeel Z, Ohwada K (2005) Mankind and the Oceans. United Nations Press, 220 pp.