Download The Renaissance - Travel History

The
Renaissance
The Beginning
The term Renaissance means ―rebirth in Latin.
• It was a period from about 1300 to 1650 C.E.
in which Europe experienced a rebirth of art
and learning.
• The Renaissance started in Italy where wealth from
trade supported art learning.
• It was influenced by very powerful Italian families such as the Medici’s
who were bankers out of Florence.
• The families gave financial support, or patronage, to various artists.
• Here also modern capitalism was born. Private individuals or
companies, not the government, owned businesses. The main goal is
profit.
• Venice experienced great prosperity. Allowed the development of
republican governments, headed by an elected doge, or leader.
So where did they get the ideas from?
Far in the East a power
was growing which
would change the
world…the Ottomans!
They took over the Islam
kingdoms and in 1453
they captured the
Byzantine capital,
Constantinople!
The Walls of Constantinople
The Ottoman Empire
What do the Ottomans have to do with the
Renaissance
Well…Once the Ottomans entered
East Europe many Greek
professors and scholars fled to
Italy for safety.
In Italy they brought the ancient
Greek and Roman books on philosophy,
history, mathematics, drama, science,
and
government!
Once there, the Greek scholars opened
universities
But there was also…trade!
Venice
These two cities began to
transport goods from the
Middle East since the Crusades
They brought new ideas,
technology, and products
back from the East and
spurred the drive for knowledge
Genoa
Characteristics of the Renaissance
Individualism
Questioning Attitude/
Critical thinking
Interest in Secular, or
non-religious, worldly matters
Rise of the middle class (merchants)
Characteristics of the Renaissance
Humanism
focus on human
achievement rather than
religious themes.
Became a movement.
Due to secular nature and its
questioning attitude, often ran
into conflict with the traditional
teachings of the Catholic
Church and Medieval thought
Medieval Art
Artists depicted
subjects in an
unrealistic 2D style
Some of the great art
work was in the stain
glass windows, but
again, 2D.
Characteristics of Renaissance Art
Three Dimensional (3-D)
Realistic & Lifelike
Influenced by GrecoRoman culture; its forms
and its themes (i.e. beauty
of the human body)
New mediums: Oil on canvas
And old: Frescos
The importance of religion in art
Leonardo Da Vinci
• 1452-1519
• Painter, scultor, studied
geology, chemistry, and
anatomy. Designed
buildings, canals, weapons,
and drew flying machines and engines
• Developed the “Renaissance Man” ideal
– Successful in business, well-mannered, educated, athletic,
and brave
Renaissance Man
Could anyone in America be considered
a Renaissance Man?
Ben Franklin vs. Leonardo Da Vinci
Da Vinci
Franklin
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
Compare/contrast the characteristics of the two
figures. Are they both renaissance Men?
Leonardo Da Vinci’s Works
The Last
Supper
Mona Lisa
Gran Cavallo
La Scapigliata
Michelangelo
David
The Last Judgment
David
Sistine Chapel
• Michelangelo Buonaroti (1475-1564) painted (the
Sistine Chapel ceiling), sculptured (David), designed
• buildings, and wrote poetry
Donatello
St. John
David
Titian
San Marco Square
1488-1576
Bacchus and Ariandne
Tiziano Vecelli or Vecellio, commonly known as Titian,
was one of the greatest 16th century Renaissance painters
of Venice, Italy
Raphael
• Among his best known
frescoes in the Vatican is The
School of Athens. Raphael
continued to work on the
rooms until 1513, under the
reign of Leo X, but left the last
sections almost entirely to his
pupils.
• In the meantime he worked on
other tasks, such as secular
and sacred decorations for
various buildings, portraits,
altarpieces, cartoons for
tapestries, designs for dishes
and stage sceneries.
• Raphael also became chief
architect of the new Saint
Peter's Basilica (the
construction of which began in
1506)
Raphael
School of Athens
Galatea
St. Peter’s Cathedral in the Vatican
Home of the Catholic Church and the Pope
Designed by Michelangelo and Raphael
- also served as architects
The Renaissance Moves North
Because of the plague, it was not until 1450
that northern Europe enjoyed the economic
growth that helped support the Renaissance
in Italy.
• Northern artists and writers imitated Italian
styles while adding new methods and ideas
of their own.
• As a result of the printing press, books
became more available and people became
more literate.
The Renaissance Moves North
• Northern Humanists stressed education
and classical learning, however, unlike the
Italian humanists, they emphasized
religious themes.
• They believed that the revival should be
used to bring about religious and moral
reform.
Albretch Durer
1471-1578
German painter,
mathematician,
printmaker, and
engraver.
Adoration of the Magi
Jan van Eyck
1394-1441
Belgian painter
Giovanni Arnolfini and Bride
Renaissance Writers
Began to use the vernacular instead
of classical Latin.
– (vernacular = the native language)
Petrarch
Considered the Father of
Humanism.
• Believed God had given
man his intellect and
potential to be used to the
fullest.
• Wrote poetry in Italian
and enumerable works in
Latin on different
subjects, but is best
known for his Letters,
which fill two volumes.
• These he wrote to his
dead love, Laura who
died from the plague
William Shakespeare
• The best known Renaissance
writer was William
Shakespeare.
• Between 1590 and 1613 he
wrote 38 plays that are still
performed around the world.
Hamlet
Taming of the Shrew
A Midsummer’s Night
Dream
Romeo and Juliet
MacBeth
Dante
The Divine Comedy
• tells the story of a
man’s journey
through heaven and
hell.
Geoffrey Chaucer
The Canterbury Tales
• Series of stories
depicting the lives of
whole social spectrum
on a pilgrimage to the
shrine of Beckett at
the Canterbury
Cathedral in England
Boccaccio
Decameron
– Written in 1353, it
is a collection of
novellas (stories)
that demonstrate
life in the time and
portrays many of
the Renaissance
attitudes.
Desiderius Erasmus
A priest who wrote books, including
The Praise of Folly 1509, condemned
ignorance and superstition. He
believed education could lead to
more perfect societies.
• He inspired his colleagues to study
Greek and Hebrew so that they
could understand older versions of
the Bible.
• His writings also Christian
humanist’s desire to reform
Catholicism to eliminate abuse.
Erasmus
The Handbook of the Christian Knight
– A work of a Christian Humanist, The
Handbook speaks clearly and
logically to Christian concerning
how their secular lives should reflect
their spiritual life
In Praise of Folly
– Book in which Erasmus criticizes the
areas of society that were in most
need of reform, such as monasteries
and church corruption.
– Protrayed the Pope as Folly, the
Jester
Machiavelli
Machiavelli was a political philosopher.
• The Prince advised kings how to rule.
• In Machiavelli way of thinking: The end
justifies the means.
– If it works, it is the "right" thing to do.
– Forget ideals; lie, cheat, even murder if
you must. A stable state is needed.
The Prince
First work of political science, instruction
manual for the Prince to do what is
necessary to stay in power and stability.
Sir Thomas More
Served in the court of Henry VIII
- only person considered to
have virtue and allowed to
remain Catholic
- tried to persuade King Henry
to remain Catholic
- eventually made a saint of the
Catholic Church
Utopia
• a work of fiction, tells the story of a
land that is almost perfect in every
way and serves as an example of
what the world should be.
The Printing Revolution
In 1456, Johann Gutenberg printed the
Bible using movable metal type on a
machine called a printing press.
• Printed books became cheap and
easier to produce that hand copies.
• Now, readers gained access to broad
range of knowledge. (Medicine to
Religion)
• The printing press would greatly
contribute to the Protestant
Reformation.
Think about the following and write your
answer in a paragraph
• Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
• What were the defining characteristics of the
Renaissance?
• What were some of the common characteristics
of Renaissance?
• art and how did it differ from medieval art?
• What was the cultural impact of the Renaissance
on Europe and the rest of the world?