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Transcript
RENAISSANCE REVIEW The test may include but is not limited to the following: Road to Renaissance Renaissance Art and Literature Comparing Renaissance, Classical, Medieval Art The Renaissance Begins The Renaissance Begins in Italy Where?When?Why? Main Themes: · Rebirth of Classical Learning- The rediscovery and reevaluation of writings of the ancient Greeks and Romans suggested a "rebirth." · Humanism- The philosophical backbone of the Renaissance, emphasizing the potential for individual achievement and insisting that humans were rational beings capable of truth and goodness. In keeping with the principles of humanism, Renaissance scholars celebrated the works of the ancient Greeks and Romans for their own sake, rather than for their relevance to Church doctrine. Northern Humanism was generally secular, where as Italian Humanism was more religious. o Secularism- The new outlook of the Renaissance which suggested that religion shouldn't interfere with living life to its fullest. o Individualism- This idea stressed personality, uniqueness, genius, and full development of one's capabilities and talents. People learned to accept who they were and express their strengths. · Leonardo da Vinci - The painter of the Mona Lisa during the Renaissance who also excelled in other fields like biology and sculpting. · Donatello - A great sculptor during the Renaissance who studied under both Ghiberti and Brunelleschi, and sculpted the statue of David. · Michelangelo - One of greatest artists of the High Renaissance who carved the Pieta and painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. · Raphael - A painter during the Renaissance who decorated much of the Vatican and painted the School of Athens. · Giovanni Boccaccio - A Florentine writer in the early Renaissance who was most noted for writing the Decameron. · Niccolo Machiavelli - A famous writer during the Renaissance whose most wellknow guidebook, The Prince, argued that it is better for a ruler to be feared than loved. · Cosimo de Medici - The figure head of the Medici banking family who gained complete power in Florence and ruled until the end of the Renaissance. · Francesco Petrarch - Referred to as the founder of humanism who explored modern life in the lens of ancient Romans and Greeks. · Northern Humanism (Christian Humanism) vs. Italian Humanism · Christian Humanism occurred North of ltaly, while Italian Humanism occurred in Italy during the Italian Renaissance. In Italy, Italian Humanism was marked by secularism and classicism. In Northern Humanism, the focus centered more on religion than classicism. While both entertained the notion of human-centered philosophy, humanism in Italy was much more widespread. Italian humanists were able to create humanist schools and academies, while Northern Humanists could not get jobs as scholars. This can be attributed to the fact that Northern Humanism centered on reconciliation of classical texts with Christian theology, simply to find that Christian theology had been made complicated by the Catholic Church. Italian Art vs. Northern Art · Both art forms during the time of the Renaissance focused on humans. Italian art, however, specifically centered on human anatomy and human form. In addition, an important trend in Italian art was the working out of mathematical processes and the perspective of space. Northern art mainly focused on the human body, and was more detailed than Italian art. Northern art was also considerably smaller than Italian art, which was typically big art. Renaissance Art and Literature Humanism Francesco Petrarch Renaissance Writers Renaissance Artists Vernacular The Renaissance Moves North Renaissance Thought and Literature Spreads Erasmus Sir Thomas More Dante Machiavelli Shakespeare Art of the Northern Renaissance Albrecht Durer