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Name Form Generation Game mātai iranga Generation Game Feedback Feedforward What result are you going to aim for in your theory test? (Circle below) A M E Have you done the following steps to help you achieve your goal? Task Read through my notes Completed my homework book Marked my homework book Completed the crossword Completed glossary list Completed background reading Completed some practice questions Asked the teacher at least one question you are unsure about Completed minimum of one study technique: Concept map Brief notes Keyword flipcards Mix n Match Spider Map Mnemonics Acronyms Did you achieve your goal? (circle) YES NO Can you set 3 goals for the next topic? (Including a goal for your bookwork) 1) _________________________________________________________ 2) _________________________________________________________ 3) _________________________________________________________ GENERATION GAME Specific Learning Outcomes By the end of this topic you should be able to 1. Define the meanings of sexual / asexual reproduction, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each method. 2. Name the parts of a flower; explain their function and how wind / insect pollinated flowers differ. 3. Explain the process of pollination, fertilisation and how the next generation is dispersed. 4. Name the human male & female reproductive organs; explain their function and their role in reproduction from conception to birth. 5. Describe (in simple terms) the process of meiosis and how it gives variation within the human population. To understand how genetics can explain variation. To be able to understand basic genetic terminology and complete punnet squares. Glossary list – Plant reproduction – match up the terms by putting the correct letter in the middle column 1. asexual reproduction 1. (a)living creature 2. sexual reproduction (b)production of identical offspring by a single parent. 3. organism 2. (c) special cells involved in sexual reproduction 4. species 3. (d) male organ that produces pollen 5. flower 4. (e) transfer of pollen within a single flower 6. petals 5. (f) fusing of the male and female gametes 7. sepals 6. (g)reproduction involving genes from two parents 8. pollen 7. (h) tube which grows from a pollen grain down to an egg 9. anther 8. (i) encloses or surrounds the egg , develops into seed 10. filament 9. (j) contains female genes 11. stigma 10. (k) small reproductive cell carrying male genes 12. egg 11. (l) female organ which produces eggs inside ovules 13. ovule 12. (m) embryo plant with a food store inside a protective coat 14. ovary 13. (n) first stage of a new organism after fertilisation 15. gametes 14. (o) start of growth of a seed 16. cross-pollination 15. (p) stalk that holds up anther 17. self-pollination 16. (q) group of organisms that interbreed to form fertile offspring 18. nectar 17. (r) reproductive organ of a plant 19. pollen tube 18. (s) advertising agents of a flower 20. fertilisation 19. (t) transfer of pollen from one flower to another plant of the 21. zygote 20. same species 22. embryo 21. (u) sweet liquid reward produced by flowers for animals 23. seed 22. (v) special leaves that protect a flower bud 24. seed dispersal 23. (w) newly formed plant within the seed 25. germination 24. (x) sticky area of female organ which receives pollen 26. life cycle 25. (y) various stages an organism passes through from its origin to 26. reproductive maturity (z) transport of seeds to areas away from the parent plant GG1 What are the big differences between sexual and asexual reproduction? _______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Why do nurserymen like to propagate plants asexually? List some advantages. __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ When bacteria reproduce asexually they split. If there is enough food available this might occur every 20 minutes. 1 becomes 2, these 2 become 4, and these 4 become ___. How many bacteria would be produced from one bacterium after a) 1 hour b) 4 hours c) 24 hours _____________________________________________ This type of cell division is called?____________________________ GG2 On the diagram, name the parts of the flower from memory! For each part of the flower on previous page, listed by letter, what is its function? A_______________________________________________________ B_______________________________________________________ E_______________________________________________________ D_______________________________________________________ H_______________________________________________________ GG3 a) Plants can reproduce __________________ where there is a meeting of male and female _____________ and _____________ . Plants can also reproduce ______________ where a piece of stem, root etc. can be broken off from the parent and _________________ again. Pollination is where ___________________ from the male _______________ finds its way to the female ________________ . Fertilisation is where the male sex cell meets the ______________ in the ovary. Plants and animals have _____________________ cycles. b) Draw the parts of the pistil and show on your drawing how fertilisation takes place. GG4 Pollination types Read this information about pollination, and use it to answer the questions below. If you want to send a letter you would probably buy a stamp and post it. If you were on a desert island, you might push it into a bottle and throw it into the sea. If that letter was important, though, you would be wise to put hundreds of copies into bottles and throw them all into the sea – because the chances of one bottle drifting to the correct destination are very small. The problem of pollination is also one of delivery to the correct destination. Wind-pollinated flowers use currents of air to carry hundreds of tiny, light pollen grains in all directions, in the hope that a few grains will reach the large, feathery stigma of the correct plant. Animal-pollinated flowers make a payment – in the form of nectar or the pollen itself – to encourage animals to deliver the pollen to the correct plant. To make sure the animal postie gets the address right, these flowers advertise their presence with perfumes and bright colours. Because the pollen is highly likely to reach the right place, there is no need for the great volumes of pollen that wind-pollinated flowers produce. Write these characteristics of flowers under the headings below. colourful flowers small, light pollen feathery stigma dull colours distinctive scent large amounts of pollen heavy, sticky pollen contains nectar Wind- pollinated flowers _____________________________ Animal-pollinated flowers ___________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________ Why do hay-fever sufferers sneeze more in a grassy field than in a florist’s shop? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ GG5 Room to g.r..o..w Plants use different methods to disperse their seeds. Study the drawings of fruit and seeds below, and decide which method they are best suited to. Methods are: wind, water, hooks, popping, eaten by animals. (There are two plants for each method.) 2.__________________ 3.________________ 1.________________________ Sweet Pea 4._____________________ 5._________________ 6. ________________ 7._____________________ 8.________________ 9.____ 10.__________________ 9. ________________ GG6 Why are there so many different ways of seed dispersal and why is this important for the survival of a plant species? Here is a jumbled list of the important events in the life of a flowering plant.[fertilisation, pollination, germination, seed dispersal, flower formation] Rewrite the list in a correct order starting with . ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ GG7 Reproductive organs – Human f a l e b g d c k h i j For each of the diagrams of the human reproductive organs, write the correct name for the parts labeled (a) to (l) a) _____________________________________________________ b) _____________________________________________________ c) _____________________________________________________ d) _____________________________________________________ e) _____________________________________________________ f) _____________________________________________________ g) _____________________________________________________ h) _____________________________________________________ i) _____________________________________________________ j) _____________________________________________________ k) _____________________________________________________ l) _____________________________________________________ Why is it important that the female has a regular menstrual cycle? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ GG8 (Glossary exercise) Find the meaning of the following terms: a) DNA b) chromosome c) gene d) genotype e) phenotype f) variation g) meiosis h) mitosis _________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ i) zygote__________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ j) gamete__________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ GG9 List some examples of Either /or variation Continuous variation GG10 a) Here are diagrams showing the various stages of meiosis. They have not been put in the correct order. Number them from 1 to 8, with one being the original cell and 8 being the cells produced by the process. _____________ ____________ ___________ _________ ______________ __________ ____________ __________ b) Fill in the spaces using the words in the box. two, one, meiosis, sperm, egg, halves Each cell in our body has ________sets of chromosomes. The female gametes _________ and male gametes ____________ have only _________set of chromosomes each. Gametes are formed by a type of cell division called ______________. This process _______________ the number of chromosomes so that when the gametes meet in fertilisation the new individual will have a full set of chromosomes. GG12 Punnett Practice GG13 More Punnett Practice Greebles come in two colours: brown and blue. Zarko is blue. His coding for colours is jj. Mika is brown. Her coding for colour is Jj. Zarko has fur (Ff) but Mika’s blue brother Korm is bald (ff). Identify the dominant and recessive characteristics. Dominant Recessive Complete this chart. Name Phenotype Genotype Homozygous/heterozygous Zarko Colour Mika Korm Covering Zarko Korm Zarko and Mika have a child. Draw a Punnett square to find the probability that their child is blue. GG14 Spot the difference! a) What is the total number of chromosomes found in a human sperm or egg? _____________________________________________________________ b) If an egg carrying an X chromosome is fertilised by “Y carrying” sperm, what will be the sex of the individual that develops from this egg? _______________________________________________ c) Whole chromosomes decide sex. Circle the information on the diagram below that decides whether you are a boy or girl. d) A couple have three daughters, and are expecting their fourth child. Use a Punnett square to show the probability that the next child will be a boy. GG15 GENERATION GAME – REVISION CROSS WORD Across 2. where the genes for a particular characteristic are the same (pure breeder) 3. another name for female gamete 9. early multicellular stage of development of an organism 10. where the genes for a particular characteristic are different 12. passed from one generation to the next 13. sudden changes to the genes or to the number of chromosomes 14. transfer of pollen from male to female organs of flowers 15. male organ which produces pollen 16. an inherited instruction which determines a feature 17. includes the events of ovulation and menstruation 18. the release of an egg from an ovary in humans 19. organ which absorbs food and oxygen from mother 20. gene for a particular chracteristic which is completely hidden or masked by the alternative gene 21. fusing of male and female gametes to form a zygote 22. deoxribonucleic acid Down 1. physical appearance or characteristic of an organism 4. special reproductive cells with only 23 chromosomes 5. structure containing genes found in the nucleus 6. organ which produces male sperm 7. first stage of a new organism after fertilisation 8. type of genes in an organism 11. female organ which produces eggs inside ovules 15. production of identical offspring by a single parent Science Fair Checkpoint I think I will be doing a: Investigation Poster Technology If you chose Investigation – have you: Listed your variables Checked with your teacher that it is appropriate (no animals, people etc) Started to set up the experiment to check that the data is going to be ok Repeated your experiment at least 3 times to get reliable results Started to research the science behind your investigation Kept a log book MY TOPIC IS: ________________________________________________________________ If you chose poster – have you: Taken two photographs yourself Printed them Writen your information to go with the photos Is it to the theme of Precious Resources? Started to display your poster on an A3 (ish) size card? If you chose technology – have you Started to design prototypes Talked with your family as to how they can help you Thought about how it can be used in real day life Thought about how to test it Started building it Started testing it Started to present it on a folding board What information does the board need to have to go with your device MY TOPIC IS: ________________________________________________________________ Anything that the teacher can do to help? Anything parents can do to help? It is due _________________________________________________________________________ It will go on my report that I have done it (=Achieved), if it goes in the Franklin fair (=M), if it places in the Franklin fair (=E). I am aiming for ______________________________________________ .