Download Unfair Review - North Central AP Psychology

RULES
• A prize will be rewarded to students for correctly answering a
question they are assigned. Students are not permitted to talk
or share answers during the game. Students that do so will
forfeit their right to earn a prize for that round.
• After I reveal the question, write your answer in your notebook.
When time is called, I will select a student at random to answer.
If that student answers correctly, he or she wins the prize. If not,
I will move on to a new student.
• At the end of the game, the person with the winning answer gets
the prize! How unfair!
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The __________ is the
minimum stimulation needed
to detect a particular
stimulus 50% of the time
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The ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD is
the minimum stimulation
needed to detect a particular
stimulus 50% of the time
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The __________ is a neural
impulse; it is a brief
electrical charge that
travels down the axon
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The ACTION POTENTIAL is a
neural impulse; it is a brief
electrical charge that
travels down the axon
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__________ can be defined
as any physical/verbal act
intended to hurt or destroy
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AGGRESSION can be
defined as any
physical/verbal act
intended to hurt or destroy
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__________ is defined as
a state of uneasiness
and apprehension
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ANXIETY is defined as a
state of uneasiness and
apprehension
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A(n) __________ is a psychological
disorder in which a person is
constantly nervous, anxious, and in
a state of autonomic nervous
system arousal for no apparent
reason.
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A(n) ANXIETY DISORDER is a
psychological disorder in which a
person is constantly nervous,
anxious, and in a state of autonomic
nervous system arousal for no
apparent reason.
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__________ is loss of
speech due to injury
in the brain.
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APHASIA is loss of
speech due to injury
in the brain.
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__________ : Speech disorder
characterized by slow and broken
speech: : __________ : Speech disorder
characterized by lack of language
comprehension and lack of meaningful
language production
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BROCA’S APHASIA : Speech disorder
characterized by slow and broken
speech: : WERNICKE’S APHASIA :
Speech disorder characterized by lack of
language comprehension and lack of
meaningful language production
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The ability for a computer to
imitate intelligent human
behavior is called
__________ .
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The ability for a computer to
imitate intelligent human
behavior is called
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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A __________ is a cognitive
framework or concept
that helps organize and
interpret information.
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A SCHEMA is a cognitive
framework or concept
that helps organize and
interpret information.
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__________ : including something
into in an already existing
schema : : __________ :
changing one's existing schema
to include new information
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ASSIMILATION : including
something into in an already
existing schema : :
ACCOMODATION : changing
one's existing schema to include
new information
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__________ is defined as an
emotional tie with another
person; e.g.: shown by a young
child seeking closeness to a
parent or showing distress on
separation
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ATTACHMENT is defined as an
emotional tie with another
person; e.g.: shown by a young
child seeking closeness to a
parent or showing distress on
separation
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When an individual learns to
avoid an unpleasant or
stressful situation, this is
called __________ .
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When an individual learns to
avoid an unpleasant or
stressful situation, this is
called AVOIDANCE LEARNING
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Depth cues, such as retinal
disparity and convergence,
that depend on the use of
two eyes are called
__________ .
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Depth cues, such as retinal
disparity and convergence,
that depend on the use of
two eyes are called
BINOCULAR DEPTH CUES
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The brain and the spine
make up the
__________ .
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The brain and the spine
make up the CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
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The part of the brain that
controls muscles and motor
abilities is the __________ .
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The part of the brain that
controls muscles and motor
abilities is the CEREBELLUM
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The __________ is the intricate fabric of
interconnected neural cells in the brain
and covers the left and right
hemispheres. It is also known to have
ultimate control over the brain and its
information processing center.
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The CEREBRAL CORTEX is the intricate
fabric of interconnected neural cells in
the brain and covers the left and right
hemispheres. It is also known to have
ultimate control over the brain and its
information processing center.
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__________ is a type of
associative learning
focused on rewarding
wanted behavior
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
is a type of associative
learning focused on
rewarding wanted behavior
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The __________ Theory says that
when someone's actions go against
their beliefs it causes them mental
stress. The theory states that
people will change to fix the
inconsistency.
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The COGNITIVE DISSONANCE Theory
says that when someone's actions
go against their beliefs it causes
them mental stress. The theory
states that people will change to fix
the inconsistency.
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The __________ is the neutral
stimulus that is learned and
eventually triggers a conditioned
response, in the use of classical
conditioning.
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The CONDITIONED STIMULUS is
the neutral stimulus that is
learned and eventually triggers
a conditioned response, in the
use of classical conditioning.
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In an experiment, the
__________ group is not
tested on; it is there for
observation of baseline
behavior.
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In an experiment, the
CONTROL group is not tested
on; it is there for observation
of baseline behavior.
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Ranging from (-1) to (+1), the
__________ is the
mathematical expression of
the relationship
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Ranging from (-1) to (+1), the
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
is the mathematical
expression of the relationship
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The research method used to
study the relationship between
one piece of data and another is
called the __________ method.
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The research method used to
study the relationship between
one piece of data and another is
called the CORRELATIONAL
METHOD.
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A study in which people of
different ages are compared
with each other is called a
__________ .
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A study in which people of
different ages are compared
with each other is called a
CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
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The __________ are the
branches of a neuron that
receive the chemical signals
from the synaptic gap.
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The DENDRITES are the
branches of a neuron that
receive the chemical signals
from the synaptic gap.
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__________ is a complex
molecule containing the
genetic information that
makes up the chromosomes
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DNA (DEOXYRIBONEUCLEIC
ACID) is a complex molecule
containing the genetic
information that makes up
the chromosomes
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The __________ is the variable
which changes in response to
manipulations of the
independent variable
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The DEPENDENT VARIABLE is
the variable which changes in
response to manipulations of
the independent variable
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__________ is a mood disorder
that is marked by feelings of low
self-worth or guilt and a reduced
ability to enjoy life.
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DEPRESSION is a mood disorder
that is marked by feelings of low
self-worth or guilt and a reduced
ability to enjoy life.
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__________ is the ability to
perceive spatial
relationships, especially the
distance between things
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DEPTH PERCEPTION is the
ability to perceive spatial
relationships, especially the
distance between things
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The __________ is the aspect of
Freudian personality theory that
operates on the "reality principle,"
satisfying the personality’s
pleasurable desires in ways that will
realistically bring pleasure rather
than pain.
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The EGO is the aspect of Freudian
personality theory that operates on
the "reality principle," satisfying the
personality’s pleasurable desires in
ways that will realistically bring
pleasure rather than pain.
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__________ scans that show the
electromagnetic activity in the
brain.
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EEG
(ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPH)
scans that show the
electromagnetic activity in the
brain.
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__________ is the concept that states
that science should rely on
observation and experimentation
rather than random theorizing and
surmising.
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EMPIRICISM is the concept that
states that science should rely on
observation and experimentation
rather than random theorizing and
surmising.
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__________ is the approach to
psychology that focuses on the
study of the evolution of behavior
and mind using principles of natural
selection
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EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY is the
approach to psychology that
focuses on the study of the
evolution of behavior and mind
using principles of natural selection
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In classical conditioning, when a
conditioned response decreases or
disappears it’s called __________ ,
because it’s no longer paired with
an unconditioned stimulus.
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In classical conditioning, when a
conditioned response decreases or
disappears it’s called EXTINCTION,
because it’s no longer paired with
an unconditioned stimulus.
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__________ is a statistical
procedure that enables
researches to identify clusters of
test items that measure a
common ability
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FACTOR ANALYSIS is a statistical
procedure that enables
researches to identify clusters of
test items that measure a
common ability
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In Freudian personality development
theory, when a conflict from an earlier
psychosexual stage isn’t resolved, it’s
called __________ . An example is
someone who smokes may have some
unresolved conflicts and are now
focused on the oral psychosexual stage.
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In Freudian personality development
theory, when a conflict from an earlier
psychosexual stage isn’t resolved, it’s
called FIXATION. An example is someone
who smokes may have some unresolved
conflicts and are now focused on the
oral psychosexual stage.
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The __________ is a graphical
illustration of the decline in
memory retention over time
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The FORGETTING CURVE is a
graphical illustration of the
decline in memory retention
over time
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__________ is a method in
psychoanalysis where a person says
whatever is on his/her mind. This
free speech allows the analysis of
unconscious thought.
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FREE ASSOCIATION is a method in
psychoanalysis where a person says
whatever is on his/her mind. This
free speech allows the analysis of
unconscious thought.
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The __________ of a
wavelength is the number of
complete wavelengths that
pass a point in a given time
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The FREQUENCY of a
wavelength is the number of
complete wavelengths that
pass a point in a given time
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__________ is an approach to
psychology that looks at the
factors that leads us to organize
parts into a whole.
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GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY is an
approach to psychology that
looks at the factors that leads
us to organize parts into a
whole.
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According to Freudian
personality theory, the
__________ strives to satisfy
basic sexual and agressive
drives.
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According to Freudian
personality theory, the ID
strives to satisfy basic sexual
and agressive drives.
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The __________ is the
experimental factor that is
manipulated; the variable
whose effect is being studied
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The INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
is the experimental factor
that is manipulated; the
variable whose effect is being
studied
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__________ is a mental quality
that includes the ability to learn
from experience, solve
problems, and use knowledge to
adapt to new situations
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INTELLIGENCE is a mental quality
that includes the ability to learn
from experience, solve
problems, and use knowledge to
adapt to new situations
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An __________ is calculated by
dividing a person's mental age
by their chronological age and
multiplying by 100.
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An INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT (IQ)
is calculated by dividing a
person's mental age by their
chronological age and
multiplying by 100.
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The __________ is the minimum
difference a person can detect
between any two stimuli, 50% of
the time
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The DIFFERENCE THRESHOLD is
the minimum difference a
person can detect between any
two stimuli, 50% of the time
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The __________ is the tendency that
people believe that the world is just
and that people will get what they
deserve and deserve what they get
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The JUST-WORLD PHENOMENON is
the tendency that people believe
that the world is just and that
people will get what they deserve
and deserve what they get
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__________ is learning that
occurs but is not apparent
until there is an incentive to
demonstrate it.
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LATENT LEARNING is learning
that occurs but is not
apparent until there is an
incentive to demonstrate it.
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The __________ , stated by
Edward Thorndike, says that
rewarded behavior is likely to
recur.
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The LAW OF EFFECT, stated by
Edward Thorndike, says that
rewarded behavior is likely to
recur.
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__________ is a type of research
on conducted on a group of
people over a long period of
time
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LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH is a
type of research on conducted
on a group of people over a long
period of time
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__________ is the argument over the
influence of the extent genetic
factors and environmental factors
have on development and
maturation
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NATURE VS. NURTURE is the
argument over the influence of the
extent genetic factors and
environmental factors have on
development and maturation
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A __________ strengthens a
response by removing an
aversive stimulus (ie. taking
asprin to relieve a headache)
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A NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
strengthens a response by
removing an aversive stimulus
(ie. taking asprin to relieve a
headache)
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A __________ is a chemical
messenger that crosses a
synaptic gap between another
neuron.
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A NEUROTRANSMITTER is a
chemical messenger that
crosses a synaptic gap between
another neuron.
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__________ is a type of learning
where a behavior is strengthened by
adding a reward (reinforcer) after, or
weakened by adding a punishment
afterwards.
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OPERANT CONDITIONING is a type of
learning where a behavior is
strengthened by adding a reward
(reinforcer) after, or weakened by
adding a punishment afterwards.
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The __________ theory states
that color pairs of red-green,
yellow-blue, and white-black
enable color vision
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The OPPONENT-PROCESS theory
states that color pairs of redgreen, yellow-blue, and whiteblack enable color vision
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The __________ is a book by
Charles Darwin, which
introduced evolutionary biology
(natural selection), and was
widely criticized at the time
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The ORIGIN OF SPECIES is a book
by Charles Darwin, which
introduced evolutionary biology
(natural selection), and was
widely criticized at the time
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A __________ is an intense
and irrational fear that
prevents one from living a
normal life.
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A PHOBIA is an intense and
irrational fear that prevents
one from living a normal life.
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The __________ explains
experimental results caused by
expectations (not actually caused by
an independent variable)
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The PLACEBO EFFECT explains
experimental results caused by
expectations (not actually caused by
an independent variable)
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A __________ increases the
probability of behavior by adding
a reward
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A POSITIVE REINFORCER
increases the probability of
behavior by adding a reward
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A __________ is an unreasonable
attitude (usually negative) held
by a person that is usually
fueled by stereotyped beliefs
and/or negative feelings.
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A PREJUDICE is an unreasonable
attitude (usually negative) held
by a person that is usually
fueled by stereotyped beliefs
and/or negative feelings.
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__________ is what happens when
something you learn earlier disrupts
your recall of something you
experience later
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PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE (forwardacting) is what happens when
something you learn earlier disrupts
your recall of something you
experience later
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__________ is what happens
when new information makes it
harder for you to recall
something you learned earlier
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RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
(backwardacting) is what
happens when new information
makes it harder for you to recall
something you learned earlier
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A __________ is a memory for
skills, including perceptual,
motor, and cognitive skills
required to complete tasks
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A PROCEDURAL MEMORY is a
memory for skills, including
perceptual, motor, and cognitive
skills required to complete tasks
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__________ is a theory of psychology
that states that thoughts and
actions stem from unconscious
motives and conflicts
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PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY is a theory
of psychology that states that
thoughts and actions stem from
unconscious motives and conflicts
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__________ is defined as consciously
repeating information to increase
the likelihood it will be encoded into
memory.
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REHEARSAL is defined as
consciously repeating information to
increase the likelihood it will be
encoded into memory.
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__________ is viewing an abstract
concept as a concrete one (e.g.,
viewing IQ as a trait, like height)
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REIFICATION is viewing an
abstract concept as a concrete
one (e.g., viewing IQ as a trait,
like height)
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The __________ controls the left
half of the body and also
perception of spatial and
nonverbal concepts
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The RIGHT HEMISPHERE controls
the left half of the body and also
perception of spatial and
nonverbal concepts
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A __________ is selected at random
from a population and used to test
hypotheses about that population
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A SAMPLE POPULATION is selected at
random from a population and used
to test hypotheses about that
population
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Your __________ holds all your
memories of what words and
events mean.
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Your SEMANTIC MEMORY holds
all your memories of what words
and events mean.
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The __________ is the tendency
to remember items in a list
according to the place on the
list.
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The SERIAL-POSITION EFFECT is
the tendency to remember items
in a list according to the place
on the list.
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The __________ refers to
our tendency to remember
things at the beginning of
a list.
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The PRIMACY EFFECT refers
to our tendency to
remember things at the
beginning of a list.
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The __________ is our
tendency to remember
things at the end of a list
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The RECENCY EFFECT is our
tendency to remember
things at the end of a list
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Our __________ has the capacity to
remember 7, plus or minus two,
pieces of information.
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Our SHORT-TERM MEMORY has the
capacity to remember 7, plus or
minus two, pieces of information.
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A __________ is a computed
measure of how much scores
vary around the mean score
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A STANDARD DEVIATION is a
computed measure of how
much scores vary around the
mean score
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__________ is the statistical
statement of how likely it is that
an obtained result occurred by
chance
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STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE is the
statistical statement of how
likely it is that an obtained result
occurred by chance
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__________ is the transforming of
stimulus "energies" (like sights,
sounds, and smells) into neural
impulses that the brain can
interpret.
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TRANSDUCTION is the
transforming of stimulus
"energies" (like sights, sounds,
and smells) into neural impulses
that the brain can interpret.
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The __________ is our sense
of body movement and
position, including the sense
of balance.
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The VESTIBULAR SENSE is our
sense of body movement and
position, including the sense
of balance.