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Transcript
India’s Muslim Empire • The Delhi Sultanate: • Established in late 1100s • Sultan = Muslim ruler • Defeated Hindu armies in India • Made Delhi his capital • Marked beginning of Muslim rule in India Reasons Muslim Invaders Triumphed 1. Mounted Archers More mobility 2. Hindus fought one another Wasted resources 3. Caste System Many lower caste Hindus converted to Islam Impact of Muslim Government in India • Immigration of Turks, Persians and Arabs into India – Served as soldiers & officials • Trade between Indian lands and Muslim lands increased • Learning: Persians and Greeks bring ideas – Persian Architecture – Taj Mahal Virtual Tour Tamerlane (Timur the lame) • Invaded India in 1398 • Destroyed the Muslim capital at Delhi • Enslaved artisans • Relocated capital to Samarkand • Northern Plain of India is fragmented – Rival Muslim & Hindu states Hindus & Muslims Clash: Fundamental Differences HINDUS MUSLIMS • Ancient-evolved over 1000s of years • Multiple sacred texts • Worship of many gods and goddesses • Accepted differences in class (caste system) • Presence of dance and music at religious celebrations • • • • Newer religion Single sacred text Monotheistic No religious hierarchy/equality of all believers Sikhism • Sikhism = – Originated from the teachings of Nanak – Sought to blend Hindu and Islamic beliefs • 1. unity of God • 2. brotherhood of man • 3. rejection of the caste • 4. futility of idol worship – *be able to identify the commonality between Sikhism and Islam Blending of Cultures Sultans grew more tolerant: some Muslim scholars argued that Hindus worshipped one god behind many idols Hindus were allowed to practice their religion: • Had to pay an additional poll tax Rajahs: locally appointed Hindu rulers in were eventually installed by Muslim sultans Some Hindus Convert to Islam: • Reasons: – Lower Caste Hindus liked that Islam rejected the caste system – Higher caste Hindus either accepted Islamic beliefs or served in Muslim government – Merchants were attracted to the strong trade network across Muslim lands Mughal India: Babur & Akbar • Babur: – 1526 – Turkish/Mongol Descent – Defeated Muslims (Delhi Sultanate) – Established Mughal Empire • Mughal = Persian word for Mongol – Ruled from 1526-1857 • Akbar: – 1. promoted tolerance/religious harmony – 2. opened government jobs to Hindus/did not recognize their caste – 3. Ended tax on nonMuslims