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Darwin developed a theory of evolution Ch. 14.1 Ideas from Darwin’s Time • Darwin published The Origin of Species in 1859. • This changed the understanding of where organisms come from and how they relate to one another. • EVOLUTION all changes that have transformed life over an immense time • Biological history of life on Earth • Before Darwin’s ideas, it was believed: – Species are fixed/permanent – Earth is less than 10,000 years old and not changing • French naturalist observed fossils that were SIMILAR to living animals at the time • Another naturalist (Jean Baptiste Lamarck) proposed that life evolves/changes • Lamarck saw that species are NOT permanent – Evolution was a process of ADAPTATION inherited characteristics that improves an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment The Voyage of the Beagle • Darwin traveled from Britain to South America • Darwin collected specimens of plants and animals • He noticed that these organisms have definite S.A. character (different from similar species in Europe) • Darwin went to the Galapagos islands • Species were similar but different from mainland species • Slow processes of mountain building and erosion shows that Earth must be very old Darwin Publishes his Theory • After 5 years at sea, he was becoming known as a knowledgeable naturalist • Wrote his thoughts as a 200 page essay, The Origin of Species Darwin’s Two Main Points • Life has a history of change – Living organisms descended from ancestral species (DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION) • Individuals inherited characteristics wellsuited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals (NATURAL SELECTION) Concept Check • How did the work of Lyell and Malthus influence Darwin as he developed his theory of evolution? • What characteristics of the Galápagos Islands were particularly important for Darwin? • What is natural selection? • Which of the following is an adaptation: the sharp teeth of a house cat, or a scar on the cat's ear? Explain.