Download a new set of hereditary cancer tests

v14.1
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
Hereditary Breast6 Cancer Panel
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING
DESCRIPTION
Using sequencing and high resolution deletion/duplication analysis, the Hereditary
Breast6 Cancer Panel analyzes six genes for genetic variants that predispose
a person to breast cancer and, in some cases, other cancers or noncancerous
conditions. Identifying causative genetic variants in any of the genes included in
this panel provides medically actionable results (treatment and/or risk reduction)
and allows for targeted familial screening. Up to 10% of women affected by breast
1
cancer have an inherited genetic syndrome.
The inheritance of hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes is typically
autosomal dominant, meaning that all individuals who inherit the mutation will be
at risk for developing cancer. However, the exact risk and cancer type is dependent
on the gene and mutation involved. Additionally, the age at which an individual
develops cancer and the site of cancer diagnoses may vary within a family.
INCIDENCE
In the general population, approximately 1 in 300 and 1 in 800 individuals have
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, respectively. These mutations are more frequently
observed in individuals of certain ethnicities; for example, 1 in 40 individuals in the
Ashkenazi Jewish population harbor a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.
The frequency of
1
mutations in TP53, PTEN, STK11, and CDH1 are more rare.
GENES & DISORDERS INCLUDED IN THIS PANEL
BRCA1 & BRCA2 TP53
PTEN
STK11
CDH1
-- Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome
-- Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
-- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
-- PTEN hamartoma tumor (Cowden) syndrome
-- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
• Known familial variant in any of the genes
included in this panel (targeted analysis)
INHERITANCE
•
•
•
•
•
• Breast cancer diagnosed ≤ age 45
• Breast cancer diagnosed ≤ age 50 and a close
relative with breast cancer at any age
• Breast cancer diagnosed ≤ age 50 with limited
or unknown family history
• Bilateral breast cancer or two separate breast
primary cancers with the first ≤ age 50
• Breast cancer diagnosed ≤ age 60 with triple
negative pathology
• Male breast cancer diagnosed at any age
• Ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal
cancer diagnosed at any age
• Pancreatic cancer or aggressive prostate
cancer in someone who also has a family history
of breast, ovarian, pancreatic or aggressive
prostate cancer
• Family history of the above indications (typically
when affected family members are unavailable for
testing or deceased) or limited family history
• Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry and breast or
ovarian cancer
• Personal and/or family history raising concern for
the syndromes included in this panel
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
PTEN hamartoma tumor (Cowden) syndrome
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
1. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast and Ovarian
(Version 1.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp#breast_screening. April 11, 2014.
METHODS
This hereditary cancer panel utilizes next
generation sequencing for the identification
of sequence-based variants and a
customized oligonucleotide array for the
identification of deletions/duplications in the
genes included in this panel.
SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS
•3-5 ml blood in an EDTA tube (purple top)
TURN-AROUND-TIME
•Results are typically available in 2-3 weeks
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
402.559.5070
unmc.edu/geneticslab
[email protected]
v14.1
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
Hereditary Breast Ovarian Uterine26 Cancer Panel
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING
INHERITANCE
• Breast cancer diagnosed ≤ age 45
• Breast cancer diagnosed ≤ age 50 and a close
relative with breast cancer at any age
• Breast cancer diagnosed ≤ age 50 with limited
or unknown family history
• Bilateral breast cancer or two separate breast
primary cancers with the first ≤ age 50
• Breast cancer diagnosed ≤ age 60 with triple
negative pathology
• Male breast cancer diagnosed at any age
• Ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal
cancer diagnosed at any age
• Uterine or ovarian cancers and a family history
of gastrointestinal cancers
• Pancreatic cancer or aggressive prostate
cancer in someone who also has a family history
of breast, ovarian, pancreatic or aggressive
prostate cancer
• Breast, ovarian, or uterine cancer with a second
primary tumor
• Family history of the above indications (typically
when affected family members are unavailable for
testing or deceased) or limited family history
• Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry and breast or
ovarian cancer
• Personal and/or family history raising concern for
the syndromes included in this panel
INCIDENCE
• Known familial variant in any of the genes
included in this panel (targeted analysis)
DESCRIPTION
Using sequencing and high resolution deletion/duplication analysis, the Hereditary
BreastIOvarianIUterine26 Cancer Panel analyzes 26 genes for genetic variants
that predispose a person to breast, ovarian, and uterine (endometrial) cancer and,
in some cases, other cancers or noncancerous conditions. Identifying a causative
genetic variant provides valuable information for the patient’s diagnosis, treatment
and risk reduction options, surveillance (early screening for other associated
cancers), and familial screening.
The inheritance of hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes is typically
autosomal dominant, meaning that all individuals who inherit the mutation will be
at risk for developing cancer. However, the exact risk and cancer type is dependent
on the gene and mutation involved. Additionally, the age at which an individual
develops cancer and the site of cancer diagnoses may vary within a family.
Breast cancer affects about 1 in 8 women, while ovarian and uterine (endometrial)
cancers affect approximately 1 in 71 and 1 in 38 women, respectively.1 A
detectable, inherited familial mutation is present in approximately 5-15% of women
with these types of tumors.2 While BRCA1 and BRCA2 are most commonly involved,
inclusion of the rarer, high-risk genes markedly increases the number of families
with an identifiable genetic cause.
GENES INCLUDED IN THIS PANEL
-- Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome
-- Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
-- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
-- Lynch syndrome
-- MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP)
-- PTEN hamartoma tumor (Cowden) syndrome
-- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
METHODS
This hereditary cancer panel utilizes next
generation sequencing for the identification
of sequence-based variants and a
customized oligonucleotide array for the
identification of deletions/duplications in the
genes included in this panel.
ATM
CHEK2
MSH2
PMS2
TP53
SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS
BARD1
EPCAM
MSH6
PTEN
XRCC2
•3-5 ml blood in an EDTA tube (purple top)
BRCA1
FAM175A
MUT YH
RAD50
BRCA2
FANCC
NBN
RAD51C
BRIP1
MLH1
NF1
RAD51D
CDH1
MRE11A
PALB2
STK11
1. National Cancer Institute (NCI). Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER). http://seer.cancer.gov
2. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast and Ovarian
(Version 1.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp#breast_screening. April 11, 2014.
TURN-AROUND-TIME
•Results are typically available in 3-4 weeks
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
402.559.5070
unmc.edu/geneticslab
[email protected]
v14.1
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
Hereditary Colorectal20 Cancer Panel
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING
•Family history of colon, endometrial, ovarian,
or stomach cancer in multiple individuals
•Colorectal cancer diagnosed < age 50
•Multiple primary cancers in the same person
•10 or more colon polyps
•Tumor testing positive for high microsatellite
instability (MSI) and/or abnormal
immunohistochemistry (IHC) indicating
mismatch repair deficiency
• Personal and/or family history raising concern for
the syndromes included in this panel
DESCRIPTION
Using sequencing and high resolution deletion/duplication analysis, the Hereditary
Colorectal20 Cancer Panel analyzes 20 genes for genetic variants that predispose
a person to colorectal cancer and, in some cases, other cancers and noncancerous
conditions. Identifying a causative genetic variant provides valuable information
for the patient’s diagnosis, risk reduction options, surveillance (early screening for
other associated cancers), and familial screening.
-- Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
-- Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
-- Juvenile polyposis syndrome
-- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
-- Lynch syndrome
-- MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP)
-- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
-- PTEN hamartoma tumor (Cowden) syndrome
•Known familial variant in any of the genes
included in this panel (targeted analysis)
INHERITANCE
The inheritance of hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes is typically
autosomal dominant, meaning that all individuals who inherit the mutation will be
at risk for developing cancer. However, the exact risk and cancer type is dependent
on the gene and mutation involved. Additionally, the age at which an individual
develops cancer and the site of cancer diagnoses may vary within a family.
INCIDENCE
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers representing 9-10% of all
new cancers annually. Inherited, single gene causes are identified in 5-10% of
colorectal cancers.1
GENES INCLUDED IN THIS PANEL
METHODS
This hereditary cancer panel utilizes next
generation sequencing for the identification
of sequence-based variants and a
customized oligonucleotide array for the
identification of deletions/duplications in the
genes included in this panel.
SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS
APC
CHEK2
MSH2
POLE
ATM
EPCAM
MSH6
PTEN
AXIN2
GALNT12
MUT YH
SMAD4
TURN-AROUND-TIME
BMPR1A
GREM1
PMS2
STK11
•Results are typically available in 3-4 weeks
CDH1
MLH1
POLD1
TP53
1. Haggar, FA and Boushey, RP. Colorectal Cancer Epidemiology: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Risk Factors.
Clin Colon Rectal Surg, 22:191-197, 2009.
•3-5 ml blood in an EDTA tube (purple top)
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
402.559.5070
unmc.edu/geneticslab
[email protected]
v14.1
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
Hereditary
Endocrine Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma17
Cancer Panel
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING
•Family history of paraganglioma,
pheochromocytoma, or other neuroendocrine
tumors, which may include tumors of the
thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary gland, lung,
pancreas, kidney, and/or gastrointestinal tract
(e.g., gastrointestinal stromal tumors [GIST])
•Neuroendocrine tumor with a second primary
lesion
•Personal and/or family history of
-- Sympathetic or malignant extra-adrenal
paragangliomas
-- Bilateral or multifocal paragangliomas or
pheochromocytomas
-- Paraganglioma or pheochromocytoma
DESCRIPTION
Using sequencing and high resolution deletion/duplication analysis, the Hereditary
EndocrineIParaganglioma-Pheochromacytoma17 Cancer Panel analyzes 17 genes
for genetic variants that predispose a person to paragangliomas (PGLs), including
pheochromocytomas (PCCs), and other neuroendocrine tumors. Many neuroendocrine
tumors are benign, localized, and sporadic; however, they may also be part of a
hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome and may increase the patient’s risk for
other medical conditions, such as hypertension and stroke.1-4 Individuals with hereditary
neuroendocrine tumors are more likely to present earlier, to have multifocal or bilateral
disease, and to experience recurrence and metastisis.4-5 Identifying a causative genetic
variant provides valuable information for the patient’s diagnosis, medical management,
malignancy potential, surveillance (early screening for other associated tumors), and
familial screening.
INHERITANCE
The inheritance of hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes is typically autosomal
dominant, meaning that all individuals who inherit the mutation will be at risk for
developing cancer. However, the exact risk and cancer type is dependent on the gene
and mutation involved. Additionally, the age at which an individual develops cancer
and the site of cancer diagnoses may vary within a family.
INCIDENCE
The incidence of neuroendocrine tumors is reported to be 5.25 cases per 100,000 people
and is currently thought to be rising in the United States.8 An underlying genetic cause
has been identified in greater than 25% of patients with neuroendocrine tumors.1-2,4,6-7,9
GENES INCLUDED IN THIS PANEL
• Personal and/or family history raising concern for
the syndromes included in this panel
-- Carney complex
-- Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC)
-- Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma
syndrome (PGL/PCC)
-- Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome
-- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
-- Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN2)
type I and II
-- Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1)
-- PTEN hamartoma tumor (Cowden) syndrome
-- Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)
-- von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)
•Known familial variant in any of the genes
included in this panel (targeted analysis)
METHODS
This hereditary cancer panel utilizes next
generation sequencing for the identification
of sequence-based variants and a
customized oligonucleotide array for the
identification of deletions/duplications in the
genes included in this panel.
CDC73
NF1
RET
SDHB
TMEM127
TSC2
SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS
MAX
PRKAR1A
SDHA
SDHC
TP53
VHL
•3-5 ml blood in an EDTA tube (purple top)
MEN1
PTEN
SDHAF2
SDHD
TSC1
TURN-AROUND-TIME
•Results are typically available in 3-4 weeks
1. Kirmani S and Young WF. “Hereditary Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma Syndromes.” In GeneReviewsTM, edited by Roberta A PAgon, Margaret P Adam,
Thomas D Bird, Cynthia R Dolan, Chin-To Fong, and Karen Stephens. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle, 1993. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
2. Fishbein, L., and Nathanson, K. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: understanding the complexities of the genetic background. Cancer Genet, 205(1-2):1-11, 2012.
3. DeLellis, R., et al. World health organization classification of tumors. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Endocrine Organs. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2004.
4. National Cancer Institue (NCI). Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Treatment. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/pheochromocytoma/HealthProfessional/
5. Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Lehnert H, Mannelli M, Neumann H, Opocher G, Maher ER,et al. Phaeochromocytoma, new genes and screening strategies. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).65(6):699-705, 2006.
6. Neumann HP, Bausch B, McWhinney SR, et al.: Germ-line mutations in nonsyndromic pheochromocytoma. N Engl J Med, 346 (19): 1459-66, 2002.
7. Amar L, Bertherat J, Baudin E, et al.: Genetic testing in pheochromocytoma or functional paraganglioma. J Clin Oncol, 23 (34): 8812-8, 2005.
8. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Neuroendocrine Tumors. http://nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/neuroendocrine.pdf. July 15, 2014.
9. Jiménez C, Cote G, Arnold A, et al.: Review: Should patients with apparently sporadic pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas be screened for hereditary
syndromes? J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91 (8): 2851-8, 2006.
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
402.559.5070
unmc.edu/geneticslab
[email protected]
v14.1
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
Hereditary Neuro17 Cancer Panel
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING
•Personal and/or family history of
-- Brain tumor(s)
-- Central nervous system (CNS) tumor(s)
-- Peripheral nervous system (PNS) tumor(s)
•Brain or CNS tumor associated with multiple
genetic conditions, such as ependymoma,
glioblastoma, meningioma, and
medulloblastoma
•Personal and/or family history raising concer
for the syndromes included in this panel
DESCRIPTION
Using sequencing and high resolution deletion/duplication analysis, the Hereditary
Neuro17 Cancer Panel analyzes 17 genes for genetic variants that confer an
increased risk of developing a brain tumor and, in some cases, other cancers and
noncancerous conditions. Identifying a causative genetic variant provides valuable
information for the patient’s diagnosis, medical management, surveillance (early
screening for other associated cancers), and familial screening.
-- Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
-- Nevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin) syndrome
-- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
-- Lynch syndrome
-- Neurofibromatosis type I and II (NF1 and NF2)
-- PTEN hamartoma tumor (Cowden) syndrome
-- Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)
-- von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)
• Known familial variant in any of the genes
included in this panel (targeted analysis)
INHERITANCE
The inheritance of hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes is typically
autosomal dominant, meaning that all individuals who inherit the mutation will
be at risk for developing cancer. Many of the genes on the Neuro19 Cancer Panel
have high de novo rates and, therefore, family history may be negative despite
a person’s genetic predisposition. The exact risk and cancer type is dependent
on the gene and mutation involved. Additionally, the age at which an individual
develops cancer and the site of cancer diagnoses may vary within a family.
INCIDENCE
In the United States, approximately 24,600 individuals per year are diagnosed with
a malignant brain tumor.1 Approximately 5% of patients with brain cancers have an
identifiable underlying genetic cause.2
METHODS
This hereditary cancer panel utilizes next
generation sequencing for the identification
of sequence-based variants and a
customized oligonucleotide array for the
identification of deletions/duplications in the
genes included in this panel.
SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS
GENES INCLUDED IN THIS PANEL
•3-5 ml blood in an EDTA tube (purple top)
ALK
MLH1
NBN
PHOX2B
SUFU
TSC2
APC
MSH2
NF1
PMS2
TP53
VHL
MEN1
MSH6
NF2
PTCH1
TSC1
TURN-AROUND-TIME
•Results are typically available in 3-4 weeks
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
1. American Brain Tumor Association. Brain Tumor Statistics. http://abta.org
2. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63(1):11-30, 2013.
402.559.5070
unmc.edu/geneticslab
[email protected]
v14.1
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
Hereditary Pancreatic14 Cancer Panel
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING
•Pancreatic cancer diagnosed < age 50
•Pancreatic cancer at any age and a second
primary cancer in one individual
•Pancreatic cancer in multiple generations of
a family
• Personal and family history of pancreatic and
non-pancreatic cancers (especially breast, ovarian,
colon, melanoma, and uterine)
• Personal and/or family history raising concern fo
the syndromes included in this panel
DESCRIPTION
Using sequencing and high resolution deletion/duplication analysis, the Hereditary
Pancreatic14 Cancer Panel analyzes 14 genes for genetic variants that predispose
a person to pancreatic cancer and, in some cases, other cancers and noncancerous
conditions. Identifying a causative genetic variant provides valuable information
for the patient’s diagnosis, medical management, surveillance (early screening for
other associated cancers), and familial screening.
-- Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
-- Melanoma-pancreatic cancer syndrome
-- Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
syndrome
-- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
-- Lynch syndrome
-- Malignant melanoma syndrome
-- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
-- von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)
•Known familial variant in any of the genes
included in this panel (targeted analysis)
INHERITANCE
The inheritance of hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes is typically
autosomal dominant, meaning that all individuals who inherit the mutation will be
at risk for developing cancer. However, the exact risk and cancer type is dependent
on the gene and mutation involved. Additionally, the age at which an individual
develops cancer and the site of cancer diagnoses may vary within a family.
INCIDENCE
Approximately 1.5% of people will develop pancreatic cancer. It is estimated that
about 10% of these cases are due to an inherited familial mutation.1
GENES INCLUDED IN THIS PANEL
APC
CDKN2A
MSH6
TP53
ATM
EPCAM
PALB2
VHL
BRCA1
MLH1
PMS2
BRCA2
MSH2
STK11
METHODS
This hereditary cancer panel utilizes next
generation sequencing for the identification
of sequence-based variants and a
customized oligonucleotide array for the
identification of deletions/duplications in the
genes included in this panel.
SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS
•3-5 ml blood in an EDTA tube (purple top)
TURN-AROUND-TIME
•Results are typically available in 3-4 weeks
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
1. National Cancer Institute (NCI). Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER). http://seer.cancer.gov
402.559.5070
unmc.edu/geneticslab
[email protected]
v14.1
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
Hereditary Renal19 Cancer Panel
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING
•Family history of renal cancer in multiple
individuals
•Renal cancer diagnosed < age 45
•Multifocal or bilateral renal cancer
•Multiple primary cancers in the same
person which may include the skin, brain,
heart, lungs, pancreas, colon, paraganglioma,
pheochromocytoma, or other neuroendocrine
tumors
•Renal cancer and other findings, such as
cysts in the lung, kidneys, pancreas, adnexa or
epididymis; pneumothorax; uterine fibroids; or
skin findings such as cutaneous leiomyoma,
fibrofolliculoma, or angiofibroma
• Personal and/or family history raising concern for
the syndromes included in this panel
DESCRIPTION
Using sequencing and high resolution deletion/duplication analysis, the Hereditary
Renal19 Cancer Panel analyzes 19 genes for genetic variants that predispose
a person to renal cancer and, in some cases, other cancers or noncancerous
conditions. Identifying a causative genetic variant provides valuable information
for the patient’s diagnosis, medical management, surveillance (early screening for
other associated cancers), and familial screening. Affected individuals often warrant
increased surveillance due to earlier onset of disease and have an increased
potential for complex medical issues such as bilateral kidney involvement.
-- Birt-Hoge-Dubé syndrome
-- Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer
-- Hereditary papillary renal carcinoma
-- Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma
syndrome (PGL/PCC)
-- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
-- Lynch syndrome
-- PTEN hamartoma tumor (Cowden) syndrome
-- Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)
-- von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)
•Known familial variant in any of the genes
included in this panel (targeted analysis)
INHERITANCE
The inheritance of hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes is typically
autosomal dominant, meaning that all individuals who inherit the mutation will be
at risk for developing cancer. However, the exact risk and cancer type is dependent
on the gene and mutation involved. Additionally, the age at which an individual
develops cancer and the site of cancer diagnoses may vary within a family.
METHODS
Approximately 65,000 individuals in the United States will develop renal cancer in
2014, and 2-4% of cases are thought to be hereditary in nature.1-3
This hereditary cancer panel utilizes next
generation sequencing for the identification
of sequence-based variants and a
customized oligonucleotide array for the
identification of deletions/duplications in the
genes included in this panel.
GENES INCLUDED IN THIS PANEL
SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS
INCIDENCE
CDC73
MET
MSH6
SDHB
TSC1
EPCAM
MITF
PMS2
SDHC
TSC2
FH
MLH1
PTEN
SDHD
VHL
FLCN
MSH2
SDHA
TP53
•3-5 ml blood in an EDTA tube (purple top)
TURN-AROUND-TIME
•Results are typically available in 3-4 weeks
UNMC Human Genetics Laboratory
1. Bausch B., Jilq C., Glasker S., Vortmeyer A., Lutzen N., Anton A., Eng C., and Neumann HP. Renal cancer in von
Hippel-Lindau disease and related syndromes. Nat Rev Nephrol, 9(9):529-38, 2013.
2. National Cancer Institute (NCI). Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER). http://seer.cancer.gov
3. Chan-Smutko G. Genetic Testing by Cancer Site: Urinary Tract. The Cancer Journal, 18(4):343-349, 2012.
402.559.5070
unmc.edu/geneticslab
[email protected]