Download Use the following information to answer the next question

Use the following information to answer the next question.
A side view of the design for a ride in an amusement park is shown below.
Passenger Car
M = 300 kg
10.0 m
A
5.00 m
Emergency stop
shock absorber
5.00 m
B
Track
C
15.0 m
D
When the passenger car is full, it has a total mass of 300 kg. The passenger car
starts from rest at point A. It falls 10.0 m before the track begins to curve in a
circular arc with a radius of 5.00 m, after which point, the track is horizontal.
There is no friction on the car from point A to point B. As the track bends, the
force of friction starts to act on the car. The passenger car has a speed of 16.8 m/s
when it reaches point C. The average frictional force between the car and the
track from point C to point D is 250 N. At point C, in addition to this frictional
force, the car's brakes are applied so that the passenger car stops at point D.
1. Provide the following information on the design of the ride. In your response,
clearly explain how you applied the Law of Conservation of Energy and any
assumptions you made.
• Determine the speed of the passenger car when it reaches point B.
• Describe the energy transformations that occur between point B and point C.
Justify your description with calculations.
• Determine the magnitude of the additional force that must be applied by the
brakes between point C and point D in order for the car to stop at point D.
Clearly communicate your understanding of the physics principles that you are
using to solve this question. You may communicate this understanding
mathematically, graphically, and/or with written statements.
Review Question
Unit One
2. A 3.0 kg car A traveling at 3.5 m/s on a frictionless track collides and sticks on to a
stationary 2.0 kg car B.
3.5 m/s
A
h
B
a) What height, h, would the combined cars reach after the collision?
b) Show that the collision between car A and B is an inelastic collision.
Several Canadian companies are redesigning and testing bulletproof vests. One company does a test that
involves firing a target rifle at a crash test dummy wearing a vest.
Dummy
Regular bullet
m Bullet = 8.00 g
v Bullet = 650 m/s
Vest
The company is testing the vests with both regular bullets and armour-piercing bullets. The armourpiercing bullet travels 1.20 times faster and has 1.20 times the mass of the regular bullet shown above.
Written Response – 15%
3.
• Quantitatively compare the kinetic energy of the armour-piercing bullet with the kinetic
energy of the regular bullet.
• How much energy is released by the explosion of the gunpowder if the transfer of energy from
the explosion to the regular bullet is 90.0% efficient?
• The regular bullet is in the rifle barrel for 1.42 x 10-3 s. What is the average force exerted on
the regular bullet by the expanding gases?
Use this additional information to answer the next part of the question.
A second test performed by the company has the regular bullet strike the vest at a glancing angle. The
mass of the vest and the dummy is 56.0 kg. The bullet—vest collision is inelastic.
v Bullet = 98.0 m/s
m Bullet = 8.00 g
v Bullet = 650 m/s
•
Path of bullet
Vest
120º
Dummy
Determine the resultant speed of the vest and the dummy following the glancing collision
shown above.
Clearly communicate your understanding of the physics principles that you are using to solve this
question. You may communicate this understanding mathematically, graphically, and/or with written
statements.
4
5.
Use the following information to answer the next question.
A student performed an experiment that verified Coloumb’s Law of Electrostatics by
measuring the repulsion between two charged spheres, A and B, as a function of the
separation of the spheres. The spheres were identical in size and mass. The
measurements are shown in the table of values and plotted on the graph below.
Separation (m)
Force (N)
0.10
0.13
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.790
0.480
0.200
0.050
0.022
Force of Repulsion as a Function of the Separation
Written Response — 15%
5.
• Show that the results verify Coulomb’s Law by manipulating the data and
providing a new table of values that, when plotted, will produce a straight-line graph.
• Plot the new data with the responding variable on the vertical axis.
• Calculate the slope of your graph.
• Using the slope value, or another suitable averaging techniques, determine
the charge on sphere B if the charge on sphere A is 3.08 × 10–7 C.
• Determine the magnitude of the force between spheres A and B when they
are at a distance of 2.00 m apart. Use the hypothetical value of 3.00 × 10–6 C for the charge
on sphere B if you were unable to determine the actual value.
Clearly communicate your understanding of the physics principles that you are using
to solve this question. You may communicate this understanding mathematically,
graphically, and/or with written statements.
________________________________
6.
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Cyclotron
A cyclotron is a particle accelerator that is constructed
of two hollow metal shells shaped like Ds in a
perpendicular magnetic field created by magnets, as
shown below. The entire apparatus is placed in a
vacuum.
An alternating voltage is maintained across the
D separation. Positively charged particles such
as protons are injected near the centre of the Ds
and travel in circular paths caused by the
external perpendicular magnetic field. The
frequency of the alternating voltage is adjusted
to increase the speed of the particles each time
they move across the Ds’ separation.
Upper magnet
Injection
point
Path of
protons
D
separation
Cyclotron Specifications
Magnetic field intensity
0.863 T
Maximum voltage across D separation
20000 V
D separation.
5.00cm
Lower magnet
•
•
•
Determine the direction of the magnetic field needed to cause protons to circle in the direction shown.
Justify your answer.
Calculate the radius of the path of a proton traveling at 2.50 x 106 m/s
Calculate the speed of a proton after it passes once between the Ds, if it enters the space between the Ds at
2.50 x 106 m/s.
Use the following information to answer the remainder of this question.
The speed of a particle moving with circular motion and the time it takes the particle to complete one
circular orbit are given by the formulas
v=
•
2π R
T
T=
2π m
qB
Beginning with force equations from the tear-out sheets, derive the formula for the period
T=
•
and
Show that the units of
2π m
qB
2π m
are equivalent to seconds.
qB
Clearly communicate your understanding of the physics principles that you are using to solve this
question. You may communicate this understanding mathematically, graphically, and/or with written
statements.
7.
Use the following information to answer this question.
Applied Physics
Ozone, O3, is naturally produced and decomposed in Earth’s upper atmosphere. It is well
established that ozone acts as a filter for much of the ultraviolet radiation that impacts on Earth.
The production and decomposition of ozone can he described by the reactions in the following cycle.
I. O2 + photon energy greater than 8.25 x 10-19 J yields 2O*
II. O* + O2 in the presence of a catalyst yields O3
III. O3 + photon energy in the range of 6.22 x 10-19 J to 7.10 x 10-19 J yields O2 + O*
A different ozone decomposition reaction results from the presence of certain substances such as
chlorofluorocarbons in the upper atmosphere.
O3 + O* in the presence of CFC’s yields 2O2
A decrease in the ozone layer may cause an increase in the amount of skin cancer in humans and other
animals
To study the production of ozone and its ability to filter out (absorb) harmful UV radiation, students
filled a glass container with pure oxygen (O2) and passed UV radiation through the container.
The average wavelength for UV-B is 300 nm and for UV-C it is 240 nm. To verify reactions I, II, and III,
the following simulation was designed.
UV-B and UV-C
source
Container of oxygen
with the necessary
catalysts
UV-B and UV-C
detectors
After the ultraviolet source consisting of UV-B and UV-C is turned on, it is expected that ozone will be
produced. Describe qualitatively how the concentrations of O2 and O3 in the glass container will change
when the ultraviolet radiation passes through the container.
•
•
In your answer, state which radiation will cause reaction I and which will cause reaction III.
Include any relevant calculations.
In addition, discuss qualitatively how the number of photons of UV-B and UV-C will change at
the detectors.
8. Analyze the situation above by
• determining the speed of the ion as it travels in the magnetic field.
If you are unable to determine the speed of the ion, use the hypothetical value of 1.90 ⋅ 105 m/s for the rest of
the question
• determining the electric potential difference needed to accelerate the ion
from rest
• determining the magnetic field strength
Analyze the situation in which the ion moves in both fields by
• determining the magnitude of the electric field that would be required to make the ion pass undeflected
through the region
• completing the diagram by
––drawing the parallel plates
––labelling the positively charged plate and the negatively charged plate
––drawing at least three field lines showing the shape and direction of the
electric field
Clearly communicate your understanding of the physics principles that you are using to
solve this question. You may communicate this understanding mathematically,
graphically, and/or with written statements.
Use the following information to answer the next question.
A positively charged sphere is suspended by an insulating thread between two neutral parallel
plates, I and II. The plates are connected by wire to a copper rod.
Rod
+
N
I
II
Right
S
A student moves the copper rod to the right in an external magnetic field. The motion of the
rod through the magnetic field causes electrons to move in the rod and induces a potential
difference across the plates. The charged sphere moves toward one of the plates but does not
come in contact with it.
9.
Explain the motion of the charged sphere. In your answer,
•
•
•
NOTE:
describe and explain the movement of the electrons in terms of the direction of the motion of the
copper rod through the magnetic field
describe and explain the motion of the charged sphere in terms of the charges on it and on plates
I and II
describe a change to the apparatus or procedure that would cause the charged sphere to have a
larger deflection toward the metal plate
Marks will be awarded for the physics principles used in your response and for the effective
communication of your response.
10.
Use the following information to answer the question.
Shane and Laura’s teacher has explained to them that the value displaced by the scale will
be multiplied by the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity in order to calculate the
magnitude of the magnetic force.
Shane and Laura’s observations are charted below.
(A)
0
Scale Reading
(g)
0
0.80
0.26
1.80
0.62
1.95
0.65
2.50
0.90
2.76
0.92
Current
Magnetic Force
(
)
Analyze Shane and Laura’s observations, and determine the magnetic field intensity of the horseshoe magnet.
Your complete solution should include:
•
a labeled arrow showing the direction of the magnetic force on the wire between the poles of the horseshoe
magnetic when there is a current in the wire, and an explanation of how you determined the direction.
•
a determination of the values and units needed to complete the chart given above
•
a graph of the magnetic force as a function of current
•
a determination, using the slope of the graph or another suitable averaging technique, of the strength of the
magnetic field produced by the horseshoe magnet.
Clearly communicate your understanding of the physics principles that you are using to solve
this question. You may communicate this understanding mathematically, graphically, and/or
with written statements.
11.
The labels have fallen off two evacuated tubes that have unknown metals at each cathode. One tube, with
Metal X as its cathode, detects visible light leakage from cameras. The other tube, with Metal Y as its
cathode, detects ultraviolet leakage from shielded equipment. A student needs to know which tube is
which. One of the evacuated tubes is shown below.
Incident light
Unknown
metal
Anode
Evacuated quartz
Also available is a variable-frequency electromagnetic wave source, a variable voltage source, a
voltmeter, and any reference tables needed.
Design an experiment using the photoelectric effect to distinguish between Metal X and Metal Y. Your
experimental design must contain:
•
Statement of the purpose of the experiment
•
List of the equipment needed
•
A complete labelled diagram (above) of all the equipment necessary
•
Procedure
•
Measurements to be made and recorded, and any tables necessary
•
Description of the analysis to be done
•
An explanation using either the calculation or the derived algebraic equation showing how it will be used
to distinguish between Metal X and Metal Y.
Written Response — 15 %
12. You have been given a large permanent magnet with a uniform magnetic field between its poles. In a
preliminary experiment, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet was found to be at least 100 times
the strength of Earth’s magnetic field. Using concepts discussed in the Physics 30 course, design a
procedure to measure the magnitude of the magnetic field. Assume that the space between the poles is
large enough to insert any necessary equipment.
The description of your procedure must include
•
a label indicating the direction of the magnetic field between the poles of the magnet below
•
a list of the materials required
•
a labeled diagram showing your experimental design
•
•
a description of how to obtain the measurements required to calculate the magnitude of the
magnetic field
a derivation of the formula used to determine the magnitude of the magnetic field
NOTE: Marks will be awarded for the physics principles used in your response and for the effective
communication of your response.
N
S
13.
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Iodine-131 is a radioactive element used in the medical diagnosis and treatment of thyroid
problems. Iodine-131 undergoes simultaneous beta and gamma decay and has a half-life of 8.00
days.
1• Write the complete decay equation for iodine-131
• Complete the table below by entering the amount of iodine-131 remaining over 40 days.
Data Table
Time
(days)
0
Mass (g)
2.00
8
16
24
32
40
• Explain how you obtained data for the table.
• Provide a graph of the theoretical decay of 2.00 g of iodine-131.
Use the following additional information to complete this question.
The thyroid gland uses iodine to make hormones that the human body needs. The thyroid gland is the only
tissue in the human body that collects iodine. An overactive thyroid gland that causes medical problems
can be treated with a high dose of iodine-131, which destroys the thyroid gland only.
• A treatment centre receives a shipment of 5.00 g of iodine-131. The treatment centre stores the iodine131. What is the amount of iodine-131 remaining after 3.00 days?
• Identify at least two risks and one benefit of using radioactive isotopes in medical treatments.
(title)
14.
Use the following information to answer the next question
Becky and Ken investigated the penetrating ability of the radiation from a strontium-90 source.
They placed the source a fixed distance from a Geiger counter that is sensitive to beta and
gamma radiation. They then placed different numbers of sheets of paper between the source and
the counter and measured the resulting intensities of the radiation reaching the Geiger counter.
strontium-90
source
Sheets of
paper
Geiger counter
with digital
00000
Ken plotted their observations on the grid below
Intensity as a function of the Number of Sheets of Paper
Radiation reaching
Geiger counter (counts/minute)
200
150
100
50
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
Number of sheets of paper
Becky noticed that the graphed data could be divided into three sections: from 1 to 4 sheets,
from 5 to 16 sheets, and from 17 to 24 sheets.
Ken hypothesized that the trend in the data in the third section of the graph could be caused by
one of the following factors.
1. Background radiation, which is the radiation produced from materials other than the
strontium-90 source
2. High-energy beta and/or gamma radiation from the strontium-90 source
3. A combination of background radiation and radiation from the source
Now, Becky and Ken need to complete the analysis of their data.
15. Complete the analysis for Becky and Ken. In your response,
•
determine the type of particle being emitted by writing the nuclear decay equation for the
decay of strontium-90 into yttrium-90
•
describe the trend in the data in each of the three sections identified by Becky
•
for each of the first and second sections of the graph, predict one cause of the trend in the
data. Explain how this cause would produce the trend observed
•
design a concise procedure and provide a description of the analysis that could be used to
determine which of the factors stated by Ken caused the trend in the data observed in the
third section
Marks will be awarded for the physics used to solve this problem and for the effective communication of
your response.