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Islam
Basics of Islam
1. Deity: Allah, Monotheistic
2. Founder: Muhammad
3. Holy Book: Qur’an
4. Persons achieve salvation by
following the Five Pillars of Islam.
The Life of Muhammad
-Born in Mecca
-Raised by his grandfather
and uncle.
-Married a businesswoman
named Khadijah.
-He took great interest in
religion, which was largely
polytheistic in this area
Muhammad’s life changed
when the voice of the Angel
Gabriel spoke to him while
meditating in a cave near
Mecca.
Muhammad came to believe
that the Lord spoke to him
through Gabriel and that he
was the last prophet.
Hijrah
• Muhammad began to spread His
new religion in Mecca
• The People in charge did not like
this, they thought it would hurt
trade (Mecca was an important
trade city)
• Muhammad and his followers
are attacked and they flee
Mecca to Medina. This trip is
known as the Hijrah.
• Muhammad will build up his
followers and go back and
conquer Mecca, destroying the
polytheistic temple
The Dome of the Rock
Five Pillars of Islam
1. Faith
“There is no God but Allah, and
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”
Five Pillars of Islam
2. Prayer
Five Pillars of Islam
3. Alms
Giving a fixed portion of one’s wealth
to the needy or poor.
Five Pillars of Islam
4. Fasting
Takes place during the
month of Ramadan.
Fasting occurs between
dawn and sunset
Spiritual needs are greater
than physical needs
Five Pillars of Islam
5. Pilgrimage
Hajj to Mecca
Important Terms
Sunna: Muhammad's example and the best
model for proper living.
Shari 'a: system of law that regulates the family
life, moral conduct, and business and
community life of Muslims.
Important Terms- Major Branches of Islam
Sunni- Most Muslim Nations 85%
Shiites 15% Iraq, Iran
• The group now known
as Sunnis chose Abu Bakr, the
prophet's adviser, to become the
first successor, or caliph, to lead
the Muslim state
• Shiites favored Ali, Muhammad's
cousin and son-in-law. Ali and
his successors are called imams,
who not only lead
the Shiites but are considered to
be descendants of Muhammad
• Caliphate
Islam Today
Sharia Law
• • Theft is punishable by amputation of the right hand (above).
• Criticizing or denying any part of the Quran is punishable by death.
• Criticizing or denying Muhammad is a prophet is punishable by death.
• Criticizing or denying Allah, the moon god of Islam is punishable by death.
• A Muslim who becomes a non-Muslim is punishable by death.
• A non-Muslim who leads a Muslim away from Islam is punishable by death.
• A non-Muslim man who marries a Muslim woman is punishable by death.
• A man can marry an infant girl and consummate the marriage when she
is 9 years old.
• Girls' clitoris should be cut (per Muhammad's words in Book 41, Kitab AlAdab, Hadith 5251).
• A woman can have 1 husband, but a man can have up to 4
wives; Muhammad can have more.
• A man can unilaterally divorce his wife but a woman needs her husband's
consent to divorce.
• A man can beat his wife for insubordination.
• Testimonies of four male witnesses are required to prove rape against a
woman.
• A woman who has been raped cannot testify in court against her rapist(s).
• A woman's testimony in court, allowed only in property cases, carries half
the weight of a man's.
• A female heir inherits half of what a male heir inherits.
• A woman cannot drive a car, as it leads to fitnah (upheaval).
• A woman cannot speak alone to a man who is not her husband or relative.
• Meat to be eaten must come from animals that have been sacrificed to
Allah - i.e., be Halal.
• Muslims should engage in Taqiyya and lie to non-Muslims to advance
Islam.