* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 4.2 - Science with Mrs. Vaness
Theoretical and experimental justification for the Schrödinger equation wikipedia , lookup
Relativistic quantum mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Introduction to quantum mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model wikipedia , lookup
Weakly-interacting massive particles wikipedia , lookup
Double-slit experiment wikipedia , lookup
ALICE experiment wikipedia , lookup
Nuclear structure wikipedia , lookup
Identical particles wikipedia , lookup
ATLAS experiment wikipedia , lookup
Electron scattering wikipedia , lookup
Grand Unified Theory wikipedia , lookup
Electric charge wikipedia , lookup
Compact Muon Solenoid wikipedia , lookup
Standard Model wikipedia , lookup
Ch 4.2 Atomic Structure Guided Notes and Questions Three kinds of subatomic particles are________________, ________________, and __________________. • Much of Dalton’s atomic theory is accepted today. One important change, however, is that atoms are now known to be_________________. • In 1897, the English physicist J. J. Thomson (1856–1940) discovered the _______________. Electrons are ______________ charged subatomic particles. • • ______________ performed experiments that involved passing electric current through gases at low pressure. One electrode, the ___________ became positively charged. The other electrode, the ______________, became negatively charged. The result was a glowing beam, or ________________ _______ that traveled from the cathode to the anode. • Thompson knew that opposite charges _____________ and like charges_________, so he hypothesized that a cathode ray is a stream of tiny negatively charged ______________ moving at high speed. • Thompson concluded that ______________ are a component of the atoms of all elements. • An electron has _____ unit of negative charge, and its mass is 1/________ the mass of a hydrogen atom. • When a given number of negatively charged particles combines with an equal number of ______________ charged particles, an electrically neutral particle is formed. • In 1886, Eugen Goldstein (1850–1930) observed a cathoderay tube and found rays traveling in the direction opposite to that of the cathode rays. He concluded that they were composed of positive ____________. • Such positively charged subatomic particles are called_____________. • In 1932, the English physicist __________________(1891–1974) confirmed the existence of yet another subatomic particle: the _________________. • _______________ are subatomic particles with no charge but with a mass nearly equal to that of a proton. • • Although protons and neutrons are extremely small, theoretical physicists believe that they are composed of yet smaller ______________ particles called ___________. • The Atomic Nucleus • How can you describe the structure of the nuclear atom? – In Thomson’s__________ _________, known as the “plum-pudding model,” electrons were stuck into a lump of ____________ charge, similar to raisins stuck in dough. – The Rutherford Atomic Model – Based on his experimental results, Rutherford suggested a new theory of the atom. – He proposed that the atom is mostly___________ _________. – He concluded that all the ____________ charge and almost all of the mass are concentrated in a _________ region that has enough positive charge to account for the great _____________ of some of the alpha particles. The Rutherford atomic model is known as the ____________ _________. – In the nuclear atom, the ____________ and ____________ are located in the positively charged nucleus. The ______________ are distributed around the nucleus and occupy almost all the volume of the atom. – If an _______ were the size of a football stadium, the ___________ would be about the size of a marble. – Rutherford’s model turned out to be incomplete. – The Rutherford atomic model had to be revised in order to explain the chemical properties of ___________. – –