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Overview Table Level 4 Title / Scientist(s) Page Idea and evidence Vocabulary / Resources Science Terminology No. Matching topics in KS3 Science / KS4 Chemistry and/or Physics (S4-6) 4–9 Establishing order among the • In 1869, Mendeleev noticed that there were elements atomic theory elements with different atomic weights but showing similar element - Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 – chemical properties. If all the elements are arranged in atom 1907) the order of their atomic weight, a periodic repetition of atomic weight • properties is obtained. chemical property He could fit all of the elements known at that time in periodic table Worksheet 1 KS3 Science (S1-3) Unit 1 CD Track X1 1.4 Conducting a simple scientific investigation KS4 Chemistry (S4-6) his table and leaving with some gaps corresponding to gallium II Microscopic World I undiscovered elements. He predicted that these atomic number b. The Periodic Table undiscovered elements should have similar chemical scandium - the position of the properties as those in the same column of the periodic germanium elements in the Periodic table. Table related to their mendelevium electronic arrangements © Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -1- 10– Discovery of electrons 15 • In 1894, J.J. Thomson found that the speed of the electrode - Joseph John Thomson (1856 – cathode rays was much less than that of light so the phosphorescent 1940) cathode rays could not be an electromagnetic wave. cathode ray He found that cathode rays had a negative charge. deflect three states of matter In 1897, he found that the mass of a cathode ray electromagnetic wave - Atom • • Worksheet 2 KS3 Science (S1-3) Unit 6 CD Track X2 6.3 Particle model for the particle is found to be only a thousandth of the mass of electron Unit 15 a hydrogen ion. As hydrogen is an element made up of subatomic particle 15.5 Beyond infra-red the smallest atoms, these cathode ray particles, i.e. and ultra-violet electrons should be a component of atoms. - Electromagnetic It was the first subatomic particle discovered, and this spectrum discovery made it clear that the atom was not indivisible. KS4 Physics (S4-6) V. Radioactivity and Nuclear Energy b. Atomic model KS4 Chemistry (S4-6) II Microscopic World I - electrons as subatomic particles © Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -2- 16– Rutherford – father of nuclear • In 1909, Rutherford and his colleagues performed 21 physics experiments to study how alpha particles interact with - Ernest Rutherford atoms of various elements. They predicted that all of positive charge (1871 – 1937) the alpha particles would pass straight through a gold negative charge the three states of foil. However, they found that most of the particles nucleus matter • electromagnetic Worksheet 3 radiation KS3 Science (S1-3) Unit 6 CD Track X3 6.3 Particle model for went straight through but some were deflected, while a - Atom few were reflected right back. Unit 15 Rutherford concluded that an atom had most of its 15.5 Beyond infra-red mass concentrated in a tiny positively charged central and ultra-violet nucleus. There was a cloud of orbiting negatively - Electromagnetic charged electrons surrounding the nucleus. spectrum KS4 Physics (S4-6) V. Radioactivity and Nuclear Energy b. Atomic model VII. Atomic World a. Rutherford’s atomic model KS4 Chemistry (S4-6) II Microscopic World I - simple model of atom © Times Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited -3-