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PLANTS PRACTICE: PRE-AP BIOLOGY
1) The vast majority of living plant species are
A) cycads.
B) gymnosperms.
C) dicots.
D) monocots.
E) mosses.
2) The vegetative (i.e., nonreproducing) structures of flowering plants include
A) stems, leaves, and roots.
B) roots, stems, and seeds.
C) stems, flowers, and leaves.
D) stems, leaves, and fruits.
E) All of the choices are correct.
3) Removing the terminal bud of a plant that shows apical dominance will cause
A) an increase in the growth of the root system.
B) an increase in the size of the leaves.
C) decreased growth of the terminal bud.
D) increased growth of the axillary buds.
E) a plant to lose its ability to flower.
4) Which one of the following structures is found in plant and animal cells?
A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
C) a central vacuole containing fluid
D) cell wall surrounding the plasma membrane
E) All of the choices are unique to plant cells.
5) The type of plant vascular tissue specialized to conduct sugars and other metabolic
products is called
A) xylem.
B) collenchyma.
C) phloem.
D) sclerenchyma.
E) parenchyma.
6) Photosynthesis occurs in
A) parenchyma.
B) vascular cambium.
C) the epidermis.
D) sclerenchyma.
E) collenchyma.
7) Which of the following flower parts produces male gametophytes?
A) carpels
B) petals
C) anthers
D) stigmas
E) sepals
8) A seed is a mature
A) pollen grain.
B) fruit.
C) ovary.
D) ovule.
E) embryo.
9) Which one of the following is NOT a function of parenchyma cells?
A) food storage
B) photosynthesis
C) aerobic respiration
D) regeneration of injured parts
E) long-distance water conduction
10) Which of the following types of plant cells help regulate the movement of carbon
dioxide into and out of a leaf?
A) guard cells
B) root hairs
C) endodermal cells
D) xylem
E) companion cells
11) Which one of the following statements is false?
A) The ground tissue system of a leaf is called the mesophyll.
B) Each vein in a leaf is composed of either xylem or phloem but not both.
C) Each vein in a leaf is continuous with the vascular bundle of a stem.
D) The pith of a stem is often important in food storage.
E) Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular are known as the ground tissue system.
12) The most important factor responsible for pushing a growing root through the soil is
A) cell elongation from the tip of the root cap.
B) cell division in the apical meristem.
C) cell elongation behind the apical meristem.
D) differentiation of xylem cells in the apical meristem.
E) branch root formation.
15) The male organ of a flower is the
A) style.
B) stigma.
C) stamen.
D) sepal.
E) carpel.
16) While cleaning out the attic, you find a packet of seeds that your grandmother
gathered from her garden. You plant them, and some come up. What was the condition of
these germinating seeds while they were in the attic?
A) The endosperm cells were dead; the embryo cells were alive but inactive.
B) They were dead, but the embryo cells revived in response to water.
C) They were alive but developing very slowly.
D) They were turgid.
E) They were dormant.
17) An aggregate fruit develops from
A) a single ovary.
B) several ovaries from separate flowers.
C) a single flower that has more than one carpel.
D) several different plants.
E) several ovules in the same ovary.
18) Which one of the following statements is false?
A) A pea pod develops from the ovary wall.
B) In peas, the seeds each develop from separate ovules.
C) An entire pea pod represents an aggregate fruit.
D) The tip of a pea pod corresponds to the tip of the carpel.
E) Each ovary in a pea plant contains multiple ovules.
19) Which one of the following statements about germination is false?
A) The germination of a seed represents the beginning of life.
B) Germination usually begins when a seed takes up water.
C) A hydrated seed expands, rupturing its seed coat.
D) A germinating seed is fragile.
E) The embryonic root of a germinating seed extends down into the soil.
20) In an attempt to find out where a growing plant gets its mass, van Helmont planted a
willow seedling in a pot of soil. After 5 years, the willow weighed 76.8 kg, and the soil
had lost 0.06 kg of weight. Only water had been added to the pot. Which of the following
conclusions should van Helmont have drawn?
A) Plants get their mass from water.
B) Plants get their mass from water and air.
C) Plants get their mass from water and atmospheric CO2.
D) Plants make carbon compounds using C from CO2, H from H2O, and O from one or
perhaps both of these sources.
E) Plants get all or almost all of their mass from a source other than soil.
21) Which of the following is a correct sequence for the pathway of water into a root?
A) guard cell, endodermis, cortex, xylem
B) root hair, cortex, xylem, endodermis
C) epidermis, endodermis, guard cell, xylem
D) epidermis, cortex, endodermis, xylem
E) root hair, xylem, endodermis, phloem
22) The two main forces that move water upward in xylem are
A) transpiration and root pressure.
B) root pressure and pressure flow.
C) transpiration and pressure flow.
D) active transport and pressure flow.
E) transpiration and translocation.
23) Under which of the following weather conditions would transpiration be most rapid?
A) rainy weather
B) hot, humid weather
C) cold, humid weather
D) hot, dry weather
E) windy, wet weather
24) Which of the following is an essential macronutrient for plants and is obtained
directly from the atmosphere?
A) manganese
B) cobalt
C) magnesium
D) hydrogen
E) carbon
25) Micronutrients function in plants mainly as
A) joining elements in organic molecule carbon skeletons.
B) regulators of membrane transport.
C) catalysts.
D) components of microtubules.
E) food reserves for pollen grains.
26) On a trip to the Southwest, you and a friend collect some pinion pine seeds. Your
friend also gathers a small bagful of dirt from under a pinion tree. Back home, both of
you plant your seeds in commercial sterilized potting soil, but your friend adds a spoonful
of the collected dirt to each of her pots. Her seedlings do better than yours. Which of the
following is the likeliest reason?
A) Pine seedlings like the sandy soil of the Southwest better than commercial potting
mix.
B) The dirt from the Southwest probably contained micronutrients missing from the
potting mix.
C) The dirt from the Southwest probably contained nitrogen-fixing bacteria that
colonized the seedlings' root nodules.
D) The dirt from the Southwest probably contained fungi able to establish a micorrhizal
association with the seedlings' roots.
E) The dirt from the Southwest probably contained eggs of worms and other soil animals.
27) Which one of the following statements about mycorrhizae is false?
A) The fungus benefits by receiving a steady supply of sugar from the host plant.
B) The fungus increases the surface area for water uptake.
C) The fungus selectively absorbs phosphate and other minerals from the soil and
supplies these to the plant.
D) The fungus secretes growth factors that stimulate leaf growth.
E) The fungus secretes antibiotics that protect the plant from pathogenic bacteria and
fungi in the soil.
28) Nitrogen fixation consists of
A) the conversion of ammonia to nitrate.
B) the conversion of nitrate to ammonia.
C) the production of ammonium from decomposing organic matter.
D) the conversion of N2 to ammonia.
E) the conversion of N2 to ammonia or nitrate.
29) Legumes, such as beans or peas,
A) form mutualistic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
B) form mycorrhizal associations to increase nitrogen fixation in the soil.
C) are parasitic on other photosynthetic plants.
D) are poor sources of nitrogen because they are unable to fix N2 on their own.
E) fix N2 from the atmosphere in their leaves.
30) Carnivorous plants are more likely to occur in acid bogs because
A) organic matter decays so slowly there.
B) acid soil inhibits growth of plant roots.
C) acid rain damages leaves and stems.
D) the acid soils kill most bacteria and fungi.
E) mycorrhizal growth is inhibited.