Download from DNA to be decoded from transcription to translation

Name: _____________________________
Score : _____/39
Self Assessment: RNA Structure and
Protein Synthesis
1. – 3. Draw an RNA nucleotide. How is it similar to/different from DNA?
Name each one and tell its function in transcription/translation (protein synthesis)
4. – 5. Describe mRNA. What does it do in transcription/translation?
6. – 7. Describe rRNA. What does it do in transcription/translation?
8. – 9. Describe tRNA. What does it do in transcription/translation?
To the right is a picture of
transcription and
translation. Label:
A. amino acid
10. _____
B. anticodon
C. codon
D. DNA
E. mRNA
F. peptide bond
11. _____
G. polypeptide
H. rRNA
I. tRNA
16. _____
13. _____
17. _____
12. _____
14. _____
15. _____
18. – 24. Describe transcription by filling in the blank with an appropriate word.
(1 point each)
In the _____________________ of the cell, DNA is copied by _____________________,
an enzyme, onto a single strand of _____________. Only one part of a chromosome,
called a ___________ is copied and it represents the code for one __________________
that runs a function in your body somewhere. Transcription starts at a region called
a ___________________________ and ends at a __________________________ signal.
25. – 36. Describe translation by filling in the blank with an appropriate word.
(1 point each)
A piece of mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm to a
_________________________, which is made out of ___RNA. There, it is “decoded”
_________ nucleotides at a time. A sequence on the mRNA called a ______________
matches a sequence on a ___RNA called an ______________________. When this
happens an _____________ ______________ is added to the chain. The result is a
__________________________, which will later be modified into a protein. The three
steps are starting the molecule, ___________________________, continuing to make it
bigger, ___________________________ and finishing __________________________.
________________ ribosome can decode a single strand of mRNA at one time.
Decode this piece of DNA using the wheel provided.
Here is a DNA strand:
G G C T T A C C A T G T A C C
37. The matching RNA strand is:
38. The amino acids would be:
39. There are 64 codons, but only 20 amino
acids. Why don’t they match?
Answer Key__
Score : _39_/39
Self Assessment: RNA Structure and
Protein Synthesis
Name: __
1. – 3. Draw an RNA nucleotide. How is it similar to/different from DNA?
Similar:
sugar
nitrogen base
phosphate
Different:
ribose
uracil (not thymine)
single strand
Name each one and tell its function in transcription/translation (protein synthesis)
4. – 5. Describe mRNA. What does it do in
transcription/translation?
Long, single strand; carries
code (3 bases … codon) from
DNA to be decoded from
transcription to translation
6. – 7. Describe rRNA. What does it do in
transcription/translation?
Single strands make up
ribosomes (with proteins, too),
where polypeptide is made in
translation
8. – 9. Describe tRNA. What does it do in transcription/translation?
Single strand, twisted like a clover; matches
(3 bases … anticodon) in mRNA and brings 1
and only 1 amino acid in translation
To the right is a picture of
transcription and
translation. Label:
A. amino acid
10. _ _
B. anticodon
C. codon
D. DNA
E. mRNA
F. peptide bond
G. polypeptide
11. _ _
H. rRNA
I. tRNA
D
E
16. _
G_
I
13. _ _
12. _
A_
17. _
C_
14. _
B_
H_
15. _
18. – 24. Describe transcription by filling in the blank with an appropriate word.
(1 point each)
nucleus_ of the cell, DNA is copied by _RNA
In the __
polymerase_, an enzyme, onto a single strand of _mRNA_. Only one
part of a chromosome, called a _
gene_ is copied and it represents the code for one
protein_ that runs a function in your body somewhere. Transcription starts at
_
promoter_ and ends at a _termination_ signal.
a region called a __
25. – 36. Describe translation by filling in the blank with an appropriate word.
(1 point each)
A piece of mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm to a
ribosome_, which is made out of _r_RNA. There, it is “decoded” _3_
__
codon_ matches a
nucleotides at a time. A sequence on the mRNA called a _
t
sequence on a _ _RNA called an _
anticodon_. When this happens an
amino_ _acid_ is added to the chain. The result is a _polypeptide_,
_
which will later be modified into a protein. The three steps are starting the molecule,
initiation_, continuing to make it bigger, _elongation_ and finishing
_
termination_. _>1_ ribosome can decode a single strand of mRNA at one
_
time.
Decode this piece of DNA using the wheel provided.
Here is a DNA strand:
G G C T T A C C A T G T A C C
37. The matching RNA strand is: C C G A A U G G U A C A U G G
38. The amino acids would be: proline–asparagine–glycine–threonine-tryptophan
39. There are 64 codons, but only 20 amino
acids. Why don’t they match?
One codon is start
(AUG…methionine),
several are stop
codons (UAA, UAG,
UGA) and some amino
acids have more than
one codon (e.g. Valine
is UGA, UGC, UGG,
UGU)