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Charles Darwin and Natural Selection (Control yourselves, ladies) History Darwin sailed on the HMS Beagle for a 5year round the world trip at the age of 22. Darwin was a naturalist-a person who studies the natural world. In the Galapagos, Darwin observed the diverse organisms and fossils, leading to his theory of EVOLUTION by NATURAL SELECTION. The Beagle’s voyage Diversity and fossils Darwin saw great diversity (variety) in the life he saw. insects that look like flowers armies of ants Giant marine iguanas that ate algae in cold water He saw fossils that were similar to living creatures. What happened to these ancient creatures? Giant Sloth: similar to living sloths, but where did they go? Darwin’s Finches Darwin saw similarities in the finches of South America and the Galapagos. Finches differed most in their Beak shapes. Adaptation- a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce. Different beaks helped finches find different foods and survive to reproduce. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Darwin hypothesized that plants and animals gradually change over generations to become better adapted to their environment. This does not mean that they change while the organism is alive. It happens over generations. Natural Selection This is what Darwin proposed as the driving force behind evolution. “INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE BETTER ADAPTED TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT ARE MORE LIKELY TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE THAN MEMBERS OF THE SAME SPECIES.” 5 points of natural selection 1.Populations have variation 2. Some variations are favorable 3. More offspring are produced than will survive 4. Organisms compete, and those with more favorable traits will survive. 5. Populations change over time. Example: 1. Green and Brown Bugs 2. Brown are camouflaged 3. Some bugs will be eaten 4. Bugs hide, and fewer brown ones are eaten More brown ones reproduce Example: Kids, this is why we try to educate you. Don’t be “selected”. NOTE: The favorability of a trait depends entirely on the environment. If the environment changes, a trait could be harmful to an organism Example: A white mouse can hide well in the arctic, but would stick out to predators in a green field.