Download Atomic Structure Guided Notes

Atomic Structure Guided Notes
Thursday, October 18, 2012
Each element is made up of very tiny particles called __________________, and each element is made up of
just _______________ particular type of atom, which is different to the atoms in any other element.
It is only relatively recently that special microscopes (called __________________ __________________)
been invented that can actually ‘see’ atoms.
Put the following in order from largest to smallest: atoms, one atom, nucleus, diamond, lattice
________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
Scientists now know that atoms are actually made from even smaller particles. There are three types:
_______________________, _______________________, ________________________.
Protons, neutrons and electrons are _______________ evenly distributed in an atom.
The protons and neutrons exist in a dense core at the center of the atom called the _______________________.
The electrons are spread out around the edge of the atom. They orbit the nucleus in layers called ____________.
List the major contributions that the following made to our knowledge of atomic theory/structure:
450 BC - Democritus: _______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
1803 – John Dalton: _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
1897 – J.J. Thomson: ________________________________________________________________________
1907 – Ernest Rutherford: ____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
1913 – Niels Bohr: __________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
1932 – James Chadwick: _____________________________________________________________________
Particle
proton
Mass
Charge
Location
0
If the atoms of an element contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, then they have _____ overall charge.
The atoms of any particular element always contain the same number of _____________________________.
The number of protons in an atom is known as the _______________________ _____________________ or
_________________ ______________________.
What are the atomic numbers of these elements? Na ________, Fe ________, Sn ________, F ________.
Each element has a ___________________ and __________________ number of ______________________.
If the number of _____________________ changes, then the atom becomes a ______________ element.
Changes in the number of particles in the nucleus (protons or neutrons) are ______________ ______________.
They only take place in ___________________ processes.
Electrons have a mass of almost __________________, which means that the mass of each atom results almost
entirely from the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the mass of the electrons is ignored.
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus is the __________________ ___________________.
It is the _____________________________ of the two numbers shown in most periodic tables.
mass number = __________________________________________________________
number of neutrons = ___________________________ number - number of __________________________
= mass number - __________________________ number
Atoms have no overall electrical charge and are __________________. This means atoms must have an equal
number of _________________ protons and __________________ electrons. The number of electrons is
therefore the same as the ______________ _________________. Atomic number is the number of protons
rather than the number of electrons, because atoms can lose or gain electrons but not protons.
Electrons are not evenly spread but exist in layers called shells. (The shells can also be called
_____________________ ___________________).
The _______________ of electrons in these shells is often called the _______________________
__________________________.
Each shell has a maximum number of _____________________ that it can hold. Electrons will fill the shells
nearest the nucleus first.
1st shell holds a maximum of ______________ electrons
2nd shell holds a maximum of ______________ electrons
3rd shell holds a maximum of ______________ electrons
This electron arrangement is written as ________________________________.
The nucleus is:
 made up of _______________________ and ________________________
 _______________________ charged because of the protons
 _______________________ – it contains nearly all the mass of the atom in a tiny space.
Electrons are:
 very small and light, and _______________________ charged
 able to be lost or gained in _______________________ reactions
 found thinly spread around the _______________________ of the nucleus, orbiting in layers called
shells.
What do we know about the atom so far?
Nucleus
Electrons
Elements are made up of one type of atom, but there can be slightly different _______________________ of
the atoms in an element.
Although atoms of the same element _______________________ have the same number of protons, they may
have different numbers of neutrons. Atoms that differ in this way are called _______________________
The isotopes of an element are virtually identical in their _______________________ reactions because they
have the same number of _______________________ and the same number of _______________________.
The uncharged _______________________ make little difference to _______________________ properties
but do affect _______________________ properties such as melting point and density.
Natural samples of elements are often a _______________________ of isotopes.
Hydrogen-1 makes up the vast majority of the naturally-occurring element but two other isotopes exist:
_____________________________________ and __________________________________________.
Quiz
1. Which is NOT part of an atom? ______________________________________________
2. Why do atoms have no electrical charge?______________________________________________________
3. Which atomic particles are found in the nucleus? ______________________________________________
4. An element’s atomic number is always equal to the number of what particles? ____________________
5. What does the mass number tell you about an element? __________________________________________
6. Cobalt has a relative atomic of 59 and an atomic number of 27. This means that each cobalt atom
contains…______________________________________________________________________________
7. Chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. How many electrons does it have? _________________________
8. Boron has an atomic number of 5 and a mass number of 11. What does this mean? ____________________
9. Calcium has an atomic number of 20 and a mass number of 40. What is its electron configuration? _______
10. Isotopes of an element have different numbers of what? ____________________________