Download Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen Study Guide

Advanced Placement Psychology
Mrs. Kerri Hennen
Study Guide:
Chapters 16 and 17 – Disorders and Treatment
1. Which of the following is true concerning abnormal behavior?
A) Definitions of abnormal behavior are culture-dependent.
B) A behavior cannot be defined as abnormal unless it is considered
harmful to society.
C) Abnormal behavior can be defined as any behavior that is atypical.
D) Definitions of abnormal behavior are based on physiological factors.
2. The criteria for classifying behavior as psychologically disordered:
A) vary from culture to culture.
B) vary from time to time.
C) are characterized by both a. and b.
D) have remained largely unchanged over the course of history.
3. Behavior is classified as disordered when it is:
A) atypical.
B) maladaptive.
C) unjustifiable.
D) disturbing.
E) all of the above.
4. Our early ancestors commonly attributed disordered behavior to:
A) “bad blood.”
B) evil spirits.
C) brain injury.
D) laziness.
5. The French reformer who insisted that madness was not demon
possession and who called for humane treatment of patients was:
A) Nadel.
B) Freud.
C) Szasz.
D) Spanos.
E) Pinel.
6. Which of the following is true of the medical model?
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A) In recent years, it has been in large part discredited.
B) It views psychological disorders as sicknesses that are diagnosable
and treatable.
C) It emphasizes the role of psychological factors in disorders over
that of physiological factors.
D) It focuses on cognitive factors.
7. Most mental health workers today take the view that disordered
behaviors:
A) are usually genetically triggered.
B) are organic diseases.
C) arise from the interaction of nature and nurture.
D) are the product of learning.
8. The fact that disorders such as schizophrenia are universal and
influenced by heredity, whereas other disorders such as anorexia
nervosa are culture-bound provides evidence for the ________ model of
psychological disorders.
A) medical
B) bio-psycho-social
C) social-cultural
D) psychoanalytic
9. Evidence of environmental effects on psychological disorders is seen
in the fact that certain disorders, such as ________, are universal,
whereas others, such as ________ are culture-bound.
A) schizophrenia; depression
B) depression; schizophrenia
C) antisocial personality; neurosis
D) depression; anorexia nervosa
10. Many psychologists dislike using DSM-IV because of its:
A) failure to emphasize observable behaviors in the diagnostic process.
B) learning theory bias.
C) medical model bias.
D) psychoanalytic bias.
E) social-cultural bias.
11. The diagnostic reliability of DSM-IV:
A) is unknown.
B) depends on the age of the patient.
C) is very low.
D) is relatively high.
12. Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of
disordered behaviors is not true?
A) Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders.
B) Labels promote research studies of psychological disorders.
C) Labels may create preconceptions that bias people's perceptions.
D) Labels may influence behavior by creating self-fulfilling prophecies.
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13. The term insanity refers to:
A) legal definitions.
B) psychotic disorders only.
C) personality disorders only.
D) both psychotic disorders and personality disorders.
14. Phobias and obsessive-compulsive behaviors are classified as:
A) anxiety disorders.
B) mood disorders.
C) dissociative disorders.
D) personality disorders.
15. Sharon is continually tense, jittery, and apprehensive for no
specific reason. She would probably be diagnosed as suffering a(n):
A) phobia.
B) major depressive disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
16. Irene occasionally experiences unpredictable episodes of intense
dread accompanied by chest pains and a sensation of smothering. Since
her symptoms have no apparent cause, they would probably be
classified as indicative of:
A) schizophrenia.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) post-traumatic stress disorder.
D) panic attack.
17. Joe has an intense, irrational fear of snakes. He is suffering from
a(n):
A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) phobia.
D) mood disorder.
E) bipolar disorder.
18. Jason is so preoccupied with staying clean that he showers as many
as ten times each day. Jason would be diagnosed as suffering from
a(n):
A) dissociative disorder.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) personality disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
19. The psychoanalytic perspective would most likely view phobias as:
A) conditioned fears.
B) displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses.
C) biological predispositions.
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D) manifestations of self-defeating thoughts.
20. Julia's psychologist believes that Julia's fear of heights can be
traced to a conditioned fear she developed after falling from a
ladder. This explanation reflects a ______ perspective.
A) medical
B) psychoanalytic
C) social-cognitive
D) learning
21. Although she escaped from war-torn Bosnia two years ago, Zheina
still has haunting memories and nightmares. Because she is also
severely depressed, her therapist diagnoses her condition as:
A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) post-traumatic stress disorder.
22. Before he can study, Rashid must arrange his books, pencils, paper,
and other items on his desk so that they are “just so.” The campus
counselor suggests that Rashid's compulsive behavior may help
alleviate his anxiety about failing in school, which reinforces the
compulsive actions. This explanation of obsessive-compulsive behavior
is most consistent with which perspective?
A) learning
B) psychoanalytic
C) humanistic
D) social-cognitive
23. To which of the following is a person most likely to acquire a
phobia?
A) heights
B) being in public
C) being dirty
D) All of the above are equally likely.
24. After falling from a ladder, Joseph is afraid of airplanes,
although he has never flown. This demonstrates that some fears arise
from:
A) observational learning.
B) reinforcement.
C) stimulus generalization.
D) stimulus discrimination.
25. Which of the following provides evidence that human fears have been
subjected to the evolutionary process?
A) Compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to
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our species' survival.
B) Most phobias focus on objects that our ancestors also feared.
C) It is easier to condition some fears than others.
D) All of the above provide evidence.
26. Which of the following was presented in the text as evidence of
biological influences on anxiety disorders?
A) Identical twins often develop similar phobias.
B) PET scans of persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder reveal
unusually high activity in an area of the frontal lobes.
C) Drugs that dampen fear-circuit activity in the amygdala also
alleviate OCD.
D) All of the above were presented.
E) None of the above was presented.
27. Which of the following is the most pervasive of the psychological
disorders?
A) depression
B) schizophrenia
C) bipolar disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder
28. For the past six months, a woman has complained of feeling isolated
from others, dissatisfied with life, and discouraged about the
future. This woman could be diagnosed as suffering from:
A) bipolar disorder.
B) major depressive disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) dissociative disorder.
29. On Monday, Matt felt optimistic, energetic, and on top of the
world. On Tuesday, he felt hopeless and lethargic, and thought that
the future looked very grim. Matt would most likely be diagnosed as
having:
A) bipolar disorder.
B) major depressive disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) panic disorder.
30. In general, women are more vulnerable than men to ________
disorders such as ________.
A) active; anxiety
B) passive; depression
C) active; antisocial conduct
D) passive; alcohol abuse
31. Which of the following is not true concerning depression?
A) Depression is more common in females than in males.
B) Most depressive episodes appear not to be preceded by any particular
factor or event.
C) Most depressive episodes last less than three months.
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D) Most people recover from depression without professional therapy.
32. Gender differences in the prevalence of depression may be partly
due to the fact that when stressful experiences occur, women tend to
________ while men tend to ________.
A) act; think
B) think; act
C) distract themselves by drinking; delve into their work
D) delve into their work; distract themselves by drinking
33. Connie's therapist has suggested that her depression stems from
unresolved anger toward her parents. Evidently, Connie's therapist is
working within the ________ perspective.
A) learning
B) social-cognitive
C) biological
D) psychoanalytic
34. According to psychoanalytic theory, memory of losses, especially in
combination with internalized anger, is likely to result in:
A) learned helplessness.
B) the self-serving bias.
C) weak ego defense mechanisms.
D) depression.
35. In treating depression, a psychiatrist would probably prescribe a
drug that would:
A) increase levels of acetylcholine.
B) decrease levels of dopamine.
C) increase levels of norepinephrine.
D) decrease levels of serotonin.
36. Which neurotransmitter is present in overabundant amounts during
the manic phase of bipolar disorder?
A) dopamine
B) serotonin
C) epinephrine
D) norepinephrine
37. Alicia's doctor, who thinks that Alicia's depression has a
biochemical cause, prescribes a drug that:
A) reduces norepinephrine.
B) increases norepinephrine.
C) reduces serotonin.
D) increases acetylcholine.
38. According to the social-cognitive perspective, a person who
experiences unexpected aversive events may develop helplessness and
manifest a(n):
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A)
B)
C)
D)
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
dissociative disorder.
personality disorder.
mood disorder.
39. Social-cognitive theorists contend that depression is linked with:
A) negative moods.
B) maladaptive explanations of failure.
C) self-defeating beliefs.
D) all of the above.
40. Ken's therapist suggested that his depression is a result of his
self-defeating thoughts and negative assumptions about himself, his
situation, and his future. Evidently, Ken's therapist is working
within the ________ perspective.
A) learning
B) social-cognitive
C) biological
D) psychoanalytic
41. Hussein, who suffers from chronic loneliness, probably attributes
his unsatisfactory social relationships to:
A) an inherited trait.
B) his own inadequacies.
C) a cultural norm.
D) the social incompetence of other people.
42. Dr. Jekyll, whose second personality was Mr. Hyde, had a(n)
________ disorder.
A) anxiety
B) dissociative
C) mood
D) personality
43. As a child, Monica was criticized severely by her mother for not
living up to her expectations. This criticism was always followed by
a beating with a whip. As an adult, Monica is generally introverted
and extremely shy. Sometimes, however, she acts more like a young
child, throwing tantrums if she doesn't get her way. At other times,
she is a flirting, happy-go-lucky young lady. Most likely, Monica is
suffering from:
A) a phobia.
B) dissociative schizophrenia.
C) dissociative identity disorder.
D) bipolar disorder.
44. Nicholas Spanos considers dissociative identity disorder to be:
A) a genuine disorder.
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B) merely role-playing.
C) a disorder that cannot be explained according to the learning
perspective.
D) both a. and c.
45. Psychoanalytic and learning theorists both agree that dissociative
and anxiety disorders are symptoms that represent the person's
attempt to deal with:
A) unconscious conflicts.
B) anxiety.
C) unfulfilled wishes.
D) unpleasant responsibilities.
46. Claiming that she heard a voice commanding her to warn other people
that eating is harmful, Sandy attempts to convince others in a
restaurant not to eat. The psychiatrist to whom she is referred finds
that Sandy's thinking and speech are often fragmented and incoherent.
In addition, Sandy has an unreasonable fear that someone is “out to
get her” and consequently trusts no one. Her condition is most
indicative of:
A) schizophrenia.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) a phobia.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
E) personality disorder.
47. Which of the following is not a symptom of schizophrenia?
A) inappropriate emotions
B) disturbed perceptions
C) panic attacks
D) disorganized thinking
48. Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the
sense of:
A) smell.
B) vision.
C) hearing.
D) touch.
49. Hearing voices would be a(n) ________; believing that you are
Napoleon would be a(n) ________.
A) obsession; compulsion
B) compulsion; obsession
C) delusion; hallucination
D) hallucination; delusion
50. Many psychologists believe the disorganized thoughts of people with
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A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
schizophrenia result from a breakdown in:
selective attention.
memory storage.
motivation.
memory retrieval.
memory encoding.
51. When schizophrenia is slow to develop, called ________
schizophrenia, recovery is ________.
A) reactive; unlikely
B) process; likely
C) process; unlikely
D) reactive; likely
52. The effect of drugs that block receptors for dopamine is to:
A) alleviate schizophrenia symptoms.
B) alleviate depression.
C) increase schizophrenia symptoms.
D) increase depression.
53. Wayne's doctor attempts to help Wayne by prescribing a drug that
blocks receptors for dopamine. Wayne has apparently been diagnosed
with:
A) a mood disorder.
B) an anxiety disorder.
C) a personality disorder.
D) schizophrenia.
54. Janet, whose class presentation is titled “Current Views on the
Causes of Schizophrenia,” concludes her talk with the statement:
A) “Schizophrenia is caused by intolerable stress.”
B) “Schizophrenia is inherited.”
C) “Genes may predispose some people to react to particular experiences
by developing schizophrenia.”
D) “As of this date, schizophrenia is completely unpredictable and its
causes are unknown.”
55. Among the following, which is generally accepted as a possible
cause of schizophrenia?
A) an excess of endorphins in the brain
B) being a twin
C) extensive learned helplessness
D) a genetic predisposition
56. Which of the
A) It occurs more
B) It occurs less
C) It occurs more
following is not true regarding schizophrenia?
frequently in people born in winter and spring months.
frequently as infectious disease rates have declined.
frequently in lightly populated areas.
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D) It usually appears during adolescence or early adulthood.
57. Research evidence links the brain abnormalities of schizophrenia to
________ during prenatal development.
A) maternal stress
B) a viral infection contracted
C) abnormal levels of certain hormones
D) the weight of the unborn child
E) alcohol use
58. The early warning signs of schizophrenia, based on studies of highrisk children, include all but which of the following?
A) having a severely schizophrenic mother
B) having been separated from parents
C) having a short attention span
D) having matured physically at a very early age
59. Bob has never been able to keep a job. He's been in and out of jail
for charges such as theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob
would most likely be diagnosed as having:
A) a dissociative identity disorder.
B) major depressive disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) an antisocial personality.
60. When expecting to be electrically shocked, people with an
antisocial disorder, as compared to normal people, show:
A) less fear and greater arousal of the autonomic nervous system.
B) less fear and less autonomic arousal.
C) greater fear and greater autonomic arousal.
D) greater fear and less autonomic arousal.
Chapter 17
1. An eclectic psychotherapist is one who:
A) takes a nondirective approach in helping clients solve their
problems.
B) views psychological disorders as usually stemming from one cause,
such as a biological abnormality.
C) uses one particular technique, such as psychoanalysis or
counterconditioning, in treating disorders.
D) uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the
problem.
2. The technique in which a person is asked to report everything that
comes to his or her mind is called ________; this technique is
favored by ________ therapists.
A) active listening; cognitive
B) spontaneous remission; humanistic
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C) free association; psychoanalytic
D) systematic desensitization; behavior
3. During a session with his psychoanalyst, Jamal hesitates while
describing a highly embarrassing thought. In the psychoanalytic
framework, this is an example of:
A) transference.
B) insight.
C) mental repression.
D) resistance.
4. During psychoanalysis, Jane has developed strong feelings of hatred
for her therapist. The analyst interprets Jane's behavior in terms of
a ________ of her feelings toward her father.
A) projection
B) resistance
C) regression
D) transference
5. Of the following therapists, who would be most likely to interpret a
person's psychological problems in terms of repressed impulses?
A) a behavior therapist
B) a cognitive therapist
C) a humanistic therapist
D) a psychoanalyst
6. Which type(s) of psychotherapy would be most likely to use the
interpretation of dreams as a technique for bringing unconscious
feelings into awareness?
A) psychoanalysis
B) psychodynamic therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) all of the above
E) both a. and b.
7. Which of the following is not a common criticism of psychoanalysis?
A) It emphasizes the existence of repressed memories.
B) It provides interpretations that are hard to disprove.
C) It is generally a very expensive process.
D) It gives therapists too much control over patients.
8. Unlike traditional psychoanalytic therapy, interpersonal
psychotherapy:
A) helps people gain insight into the roots of their problems.
B) offers interpretations of patients' feelings.
C) focuses on current relationships.
D) does all of the above.
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9. Of the following categories of psychotherapy, which is known for its
nondirective nature?
A) psychoanalysis
B) humanistic therapy
C) behavior therapy
D) cognitive therapy
10. Given that Jim's therapist attempts to help him by offering
genuineness, acceptance, and empathy, she is probably practicing:
A) psychoanalysis.
B) behavior therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.
11. Carl Rogers was a ________ therapist who was the creator of
________.
A) behavior; systematic desensitization
B) psychoanalytic; insight therapy
C) humanistic; client-centered therapy
D) cognitive; cognitive therapy for depression
12. Which type of psychotherapy emphasizes the individual's inherent
potential for self-fulfillment?
A) behavior therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) humanistic therapy
D) biomedical therapy
13. The technique in which a therapist echoes and restates what a
person says in a nondirective manner is called:
A) active listening.
B) free association.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) meta-analysis.
E) interpretation.
14. Which type of psychotherapy focuses on changing unwanted behaviors
rather than on discovering their underlying causes?
A) behavior therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) humanistic therapy
D) psychoanalysis
E) family therapy
15. The techniques of counterconditioning are based on principles of:
A) observational learning.
B) classical conditioning.
C) operant conditioning.
D) behavior modification.
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16. Leota is startled when her therapist says that she needs to focus
on eliminating her problem behavior rather than gaining insight into
its underlying cause. Most likely, Leota has consulted a ________
therapist.
A) behavior
B) humanistic
C) cognitive
D) psychoanalytic
17. The technique of systematic desensitization is based on the premise
that maladaptive symptoms are:
A) a reflection of irrational thinking.
B) conditioned responses.
C) expressions of unfulfilled wishes.
D) all of the above.
18. In order to help him overcome his fear of flying, Duane's therapist
has him construct a hierarchy of anxiety-triggering stimuli and then
learn to associate each with a state of deep relaxation. Duane's
therapist is using the technique called:
A) systematic desensitization.
B) aversive conditioning.
C) shaping.
D) free association.
19. In which of the following does the client learn to associate a
relaxed state with a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing situations?
A) cognitive therapy
B) aversive conditioning
C) counterconditioning
D) systematic desensitization
20. To help Sam quit smoking, his therapist blew a blast of smoke into
Sam's face each time Sam inhaled. Which technique is the therapist
using?
A) exposure therapy
B) behavior modification
C) systematic desensitization
D) aversive conditioning
21. Using techniques of classical conditioning to develop an
association between unwanted behavior and an unpleasant experience is
known as:
A) aversive conditioning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) transference.
D) electroconvulsive therapy.
E) a token economy.
22. One reason that aversive conditioning may only be temporarily
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effective is that:
A) for ethical reasons, therapists cannot use sufficiently intense
unconditioned stimuli to sustain classical conditioning.
B) patients are often unable to become sufficiently relaxed for
conditioning to take place.
C) patients know that outside the therapist's office they can engage in
the undesirable behavior without fear of aversive consequences.
D) most conditioned responses are elicited by many nonspecific stimuli
and it is impossible to countercondition them all.
23. A patient in a hospital receives poker chips for making her bed,
being punctual at meal times, and maintaining her physical
appearance. The poker chips can be exchanged for privileges, such as
television viewing, snacks, and magazines. This is an example of the
________ therapy technique called ________.
A) psychodynamic; systematic desensitization
B) behavior; token economy
C) cognitive; token economy
D) humanistic; systematic desensitization
24. Principles of operant conditioning underlie which of the following
techniques?
A) counterconditioning
B) systematic desensitization
C) stress inoculation training
D) aversive conditioning
E) the token economy
25. The operant conditioning technique in which desired behaviors are
rewarded with points or poker chips that can later be exchanged for
various rewards is called:
A) counterconditioning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) exposure therapy.
26. Which of the following is not a common criticism of behavior
therapy?
A) Clients may not develop intrinsic motivation for their new behaviors.
B) Behavior control is unethical.
C) Although one symptom may be eliminated, another may replace it unless
the underlying problem is treated.
D) All of the above are criticisms of behavior therapy.
27. After Darnel dropped a pass in an important football game, he
became depressed and vowed to quit the team because of his athletic
incompetence. The campus psychologist challenged his illogical
reasoning and pointed out that Darnel's “incompetence” had earned him
an athletic scholarship. The psychologist's response was most typical
of a ________ therapist.
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A)
B)
C)
D)
behavior
psychoanalytic
client-centered
cognitive
28. Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking?
A) EMDR
B) client-centered therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) behavior therapy
29. One variety of ________ therapy is based on the finding that
depressed people often attribute their failures to ________.
A) humanistic; themselves
B) behavior; external circumstances
C) cognitive; external circumstances
D) cognitive; themselves
30. Which form of therapy is most likely to be successful in treating
depression?
A) behavior therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) cognitive therapy
D) humanistic therapy
31. Ben is a cognitive-behavior therapist. Compared to Rachel, who is a
behavior therapist, Ben is more likely to:
A) base his therapy on principles of operant conditioning.
B) base his therapy on principles of classical conditioning.
C) address clients' attitudes as well as behaviors.
D) focus on clients' unconscious urges.
32. Cognitive-behavior therapy aims to:
A) alter the way people act.
B) make people more aware of their irrational negative thinking.
C) alter the way people think and act.
D) countercondition anxiety-provoking stimuli.
33. Which of the following types of therapy does not belong with the
others?
A) cognitive therapy
B) family therapy
C) self-help group
D) support group
34. Family therapy differs from other forms of psychotherapy because it
focuses on:
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A)
B)
C)
D)
using a variety of treatment techniques.
conscious rather than unconscious processes.
the present instead of the past.
how family tensions may cause individual problems.
35. Before 1950, the main mental health providers were:
A) psychologists.
B) paraprofessionals.
C) psychiatrists.
D) the clergy.
E) social workers.
36. The effectiveness of psychotherapy has been assessed both through
clients' perspectives and through controlled research studies. What
have such assessments found?
A) Clients' perceptions and controlled studies alike strongly affirm the
effectiveness of psychotherapy.
B) Whereas clients' perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of
psychotherapy, studies point to more modest results.
C) Whereas studies strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy,
many clients feel dissatisfied with their progress.
D) Clients' perceptions and controlled studies alike paint a very mixed
picture of the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
37. Which of the following best describes the results of the 30-year
follow-up study of 500 Massachusetts boys who had been considered
predelinquents?
A) Predelinquent boys who received counseling had fewer problems as
adults than untreated predelinquent boys.
B) Predelinquent boys who did not receive counseling had slightly fewer
problems as adults than boys who received counseling.
C) Predelinquent boys who underwent behavior therapy had fewer problems
as adults than boys who underwent psychoanalysis.
D) Predelinquent boys who underwent psychoanalysis had fewer problems as
adults than boys who underwent behavior therapy.
38. The following are some of the conclusions drawn in the text
regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy. For which of these
conclusions did the Massachusetts study of predelinquent boys provide
evidence?
A) Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of therapy usually are very
accurate.
B) Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of therapy differ somewhat
from the objective findings.
C) Individuals who receive treatment do somewhat better than individuals
who do not.
D) Overall, no one type of therapy is a “winner,” but certain therapies
are more suited to certain problems.
39. A person can derive benefits from psychotherapy simply by believing
in it. This illustrates the importance of:
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A)
B)
C)
D)
spontaneous remission.
the placebo effect.
the transference effect.
interpretation.
40. Nick survived a car accident in which another passenger died.
Feeling anxious and guilty, he sought treatment from an alternative
therapist, who used eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to
help Nick return to his normally upbeat, optimistic frame of mind.
After several months of treatment Nick began feeling better. Although
Nick is convinced that the alternative therapy was responsible for
his improvement, it is also possible that it was the result of:
A) regression toward the mean.
B) a placebo effect.
C) merely seeking treatment from any practitioner who provided an
empathic, trusting environment.
D) all of the above.
41. Which of the following is not necessarily an advantage of group
therapies over individual therapies?
A) They tend to take less time for the therapist.
B) They tend to cost less money for the client.
C) They are more effective.
D) They allow the client to test new behaviors in a social context.
42. A relative wants to know which type of therapy works best. You
should tell your relative that:
A) psychotherapy does not work.
B) behavior therapy is the most effective.
C) cognitive therapy is the most effective.
D) group therapy is best for his problem.
E) no one type of therapy is consistently the most successful.
43. The results of meta-analysis of the effectiveness of different
psychotherapies reveals that:
A) no single type of therapy is consistently superior.
B) behavior therapies are most effective in treating specific problems,
such as phobias.
C) cognitive therapies are most effective in treating depressed
emotions.
D) all of the above are true.
44. In one research study of therapeutic touch, the experimenter placed
a hand over one of the practitioner's unseen hands to see if the
practitioner could detect the hovering hand's purported energy field.
The results demonstrated that the practitioners were able to do so:
A) 100 percent of the time.
B) about 75 percent of the time.
C) less than 50 percent of the time.
D) only if the experimenter mentally concentrated on which hand was
being “stimulated.”
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45. A close friend who for years has suffered from wintertime
depression is seeking your advice regarding the effectiveness of
light-exposure therapy. What should you tell your friend?
A) “Don't waste your time and money. It doesn't work.”
B) “A more effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder is eye
movement desensitization and reprocessing.”
C) “You'd be better off with a prescription for lithium.”
D) “It might be worth a try. There is some evidence that morning light
exposure affects the secretion of melatonin, which helps regulate the
body's circadian rhythm.”
46. Light-exposure therapy has proven useful as a form of treatment for
people suffering from:
A) bulimia.
B) seasonal affective disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) dissociative identity disorder.
47. Among the common ingredients of the psychotherapies is:
A) the offer of a therapeutic relationship.
B) the expectation among clients that the therapy will prove helpful.
C) the chance to develop a fresh perspective on oneself and the world.
D) all of the above.
48. A meta-analysis of research studies comparing the effectiveness of
professional therapists with paraprofessionals found that:
A) the professionals were much more effective than the
paraprofessionals.
B) the paraprofessionals were much more effective than the
professionals.
C) except in treating depression, the paraprofessionals were about as
effective as the professionals.
D) the paraprofessionals were about as effective as the professionals.
49. Seth enters therapy to talk about some issues that have been
upsetting him. The therapist prescribes some medication to help him.
The therapist is most likely a:
A) psychologist.
B) psychiatrist.
C) psychiatric social worker.
D) clinical social worker.
50. Which biomedical therapy is most likely to be practiced today?
A) psychosurgery
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) drug therapy
D) counterconditioning
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E) aversive conditioning
51. In an experiment testing the effects of a new antipsychotic drug,
neither Dr. Cunningham nor her patients know whether the patients are
in the experimental or the control group. This is an example of the
________ technique.
A) meta-analysis
B) within-subjects
C) double-blind
D) single-blind
52. Linda's doctor prescribes medication that blocks the activity of
dopamine in her nervous system. Evidently, Linda is being treated
with an ________ drug.
A) antipsychotic
B) antianxiety
C) antidepressant
D) anticonvulsive
53. The antipsychotic drugs appear to produce their effects by blocking
the receptor sites for:
A) dopamine.
B) epinephrine.
C) norepinephrine.
D) serotonin.
54. Abraham's doctor prescribes medication that increases the
availability of norepinephrine in his nervous system. Evidently,
Abraham is being treated with an ________ drug.
A) antipsychotic
B) antianxiety
C) antidepressant
D) anticonvulsive
55. Antidepressant drugs are believed to work by affecting serotonin
or:
A) dopamine.
B) lithium.
C) norepinephrine.
D) acetylcholine.
56. The type of drugs criticized for reducing symptoms without
resolving underlying problems are the:
A) antianxiety drugs.
B) antipsychotic drugs.
C) antidepressant drugs.
D) amphetamines.
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57. Electroconvulsive therapy is most useful in the treatment of:
A) schizophrenia.
B) depression.
C) personality disorders.
D) anxiety disorders.
E) bipolar disorder.
58. A psychiatrist has diagnosed a patient as having bipolar disorder.
It is likely that she will prescribe:
A) an antipsychotic drug.
B) lithium.
C) an antianxiety drug.
D) a drug that blocks receptor sites for serotonin.
59. Which of the following is the drug most commonly used to treat
bipolar disorder?
A) Valium
B) chlorpromazine
C) Xanax
D) lithium
60. In concluding her talk entitled “Psychosurgery Today,” Ashley
states that:
A) “Psychosurgery is still widely used throughout the world.”
B) “Electroconvulsive therapy is the only remaining psychosurgical
technique that is widely practiced.”
C) “With advances in psychopharmacology, psychosurgery has largely been
abandoned.”
D) “Although lobotomies remain popular, other psychosurgical techniques
have been abandoned.”
61. Although Moniz won the Nobel prize for developing the lobotomy
procedure, the technique is not widely used today because:
A) it produces a lethargic, immature personality.
B) it is irreversible.
C) calming drugs became available in the 1950s.
D) of all of the above reasons.
62. Psychologists who advocate a ________ approach to mental health
contend that many psychological disorders could be prevented by
changing the disturbed individual's ________.
A) biomedical; diet
B) family; behavior
C) humanistic; feelings
D) psychoanalytic; behavior
E) preventive; environment
63. A psychotherapist who believes that the best way to treat
psychological disorders is to prevent them from developing would be
most likely to view disordered behavior as:
A) maladaptive thoughts and actions.
B) expressions of unconscious conflicts.
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Mrs. Kerri Hennen
C) conditioned responses.
D) an understandable response to stressful social conditions.
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