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Magnetic Fields By: Engr. Hinesh Kumar Lecturer I.B.T, LUMHS Magnetism Since ancient times, certain materials, called magnets, have been known to have the property of attracting tiny pieces of metal. This attractive property is called magnetism. S Bar Magnet S N N Magnetic Poles Iron filings N The strength of a magnet is concentrated at the ends, called north and south “poles” of the magnet. S A suspended magnet: N-seeking end and S-seeking end are N and S poles. W N S N Bar magnet S N E Compass Magnetic Attraction-Repulsion attraction repulsion Magnetism is the force of ___________ or ___________ of magnetic materials. Magnetic Attraction-Repulsion S S N N N Magnetic Forces: Like Poles Repel S S N N S Unlike Poles Attract Magnetic Field • A field of force surrounding a permanent magnet or a moving charged particle, in which another permanent magnet or moving charge experiences a force • The lines of force surrounding a permanent magnet or a moving charged particle. • Its a vector quantity. • Its units: Tesla, Gauss Magnetic Field magnetic field A __________ ______ is an area around a magnet that applies a force to magnetic materials without touching them. The magnetic field actually keeps going out forever, it just gets weaker the farther away from the magnet it is. It eventually gets too weak to move anything. Magnetic Field Lines We can describe magnetic field lines by imagining a tiny compass placed at nearby points. The direction of the magnetic field B at any point is the same as the direction indicated by this compass. N S Field B is strong where lines are dense and weak where lines are sparse. Properties • Magnetic field lines are continuous unbroken, forming closed loops. and • A magnetic field line can never cross another field line • Magnetic field lines are defined to begin on the north pole of a magnet and terminate on the south pole. • If magnetic monopoles existed, then magnetic field lines would begin and end on them. Field Lines Between Magnets Unlike poles Attraction N S Leave N and enter S N Like poles N Repulsion Electromagnets Electromagnets wire • An electromagnet is formed when a ________ in an electric iron _____ core producing a circuit is wrapped around an _____ magnetic field. • The magnet that results loses its magnetism if the electric stops ________. flowing current ______ electricity • Electric current is simply the flow of ______________. (or the flow of charged particles, like electrons) Generators mechanical electrical • A generator changes ____________ energy into ___________ energy when a coil of wire is rotated near a magnet. S N Simple Electric Motors mechanical energy by rotating electrical energy into ____________ A motor changes ___________ poles of a magnet. an electromagnet between _______ S N How it works: electricity • The coil of the electromagnet is connected to a source of ___________. magnetic field • When electricity flows through the electromagnet, a ___________ is produced. S N S N spin • The rotating coil of wire can be attached _________ to an object to make it _____. Examples: wheels ________ on an electric car, fan ___ blades, a ______ ____. S N spin • The rotating coil of wire can be attached _________ to an object to make it _____. disco ball wheels on an electric car,fan Examples: ________ ___ blades, a ______ ____. S N