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Circulatory System 10.1 • Arteries– Thick walls – Inner & Outer layers: connective tissue – Middle layers are muscle and elastic tissue – • Vasoconstriction involves 3 things: – – – – Example: Turn pale when frightened • Vasodilation is when smooth muscle relaxes • Causes two things to happen – – – Example: Artherosclerosis • Excess ______ in the blood is deposited on the walls of the ________ • Plaque is formed when • Narrows arteries and causes • Plaque penetrates artery walls, causing blood clots to form Artherosclerosis Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/18020.htm Aneurysm • Bulge that forms in a weakened blood vessel • Due to artherosclerosis • Weakened bit of artery protrudes as blood is pumped through Capillaries • • • • Single layer of cells Fluid and gas ___________ Capillary beds are easily damaged High blood pressure or impact will rupture the capillary – Example • Oxygen is diffused from the blood to the tissue through the walls of the ___________ • Oxygenated blood= • Deoxygenated blood= Veins and Venules • Capillaries merge and become larger vessles called __________ • Walls of venules contain _________ muscles • Venules merge to form veins • Blood passes through narrow vessels with weaker walls, pressure is _________ • When blood reaches venules, the pressure is too low to drive blood back to the heart Valves • __________ valves, directing blood back to the heart • Skeletal muscles bulge when in use, reducing the _________ of the vein • Pressure in the vein ___________, the valves open allowing blood to flow towards the heart Veins • ____% of your blood is stored in the veins • Varicose veins – Veins _______ and blood ______ in the veins and damages the valves – Blood seeps through the one way valves and stays collects – What causes vericose veins? Questions • Pg. 316 – 1-3 • Pg. 318 – 1, 3, 5, 7 The Heart 10.2 Heart • Pericardium• • 2 thin walled _____ – (chamber that ___________ blood from the veins) • 2 thick walled __________ – (chamber that __________ blood to the arteries) Pumps • 2 parallel pumps are separated by the septum (wall of muscle) • Pump on the right – • Pump on the left – Pulmonary Circulatory System • Blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs Systemic Circulatory System • Vessles that carry blood to and from the body • Superior vena cava carries _______________ blood from the head and upper body to the __________ • ________________ carries deoxygenated blood from all veins below the diaphragm to the same atrium • ________________ carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium • Atrioventricular valves (AV) separate the _______ from the _______________ • AV prevent blood from ______________ from a ventricle into an atrium • Semilunar valves (SV) separate he ___________ from the __________ • SV prevent blood from backflowing from an ______ into a ________ • • Coronary arteries supply the muscle cells in the heart with oxygen and nutrients Cardiac Catheterization • Catheter is inserted in ______ in the groin • Pushed through aorta into the heart • ____________ dye is injected into catheter • Dye travels through blood vessels, where _____________ can be seen • Angioplasty, using an inflatable ________ to open the blockage Heartbeat • Contracts __________ being stimulated by ________ nerves (myogenic muscle) • Beat rate is set by the __________ (SA) node • Upper right atrium sets a rhythm at about 70 bpm • Contractions travel to second node, atrioventricular (AV) node, which acts as a ______________ • (AV) node passes impulses via 2 Purkinje fibres to the bottom of the heart • L and R atria contract before the L and R ventricles Heart Sounds • _______ of the valves causes the lubb dubb • Diastole is the period of _____ when the atria and ventricles are ________ • • Atria contract, increasing pressure, forcing the AV valves open • • Filled ventricles __________, pressure forces AV valves shut, producing lubb sound and pushing blood into the _________ • • Ventricles _______, volume ____________ • Increased volume, pressure in ventricles decreases, _________ of semilunar valves creates dubb sound Check your understanding • Pg. 327 • Questions 1, 2, 5 & 6 • Label heart diagram