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Cardiovascular System: Anatomy of the Heart
Part 1 Notes ● Advanced Human Anatomy
Name:________________________________________________ Date:____________ Block:__________
General Information

Size: approximately the size of _________________________________________________

Location: in the _______________________________________ - the cavity in the center of the chest
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Slightly to the __________________ of the midline
Surrounding Layers of the Heart

____________________________________________
 Double layered sac
 Contains roughly half an ounce of _______________________________________ which works to
____________________________________________________________________________________
 Fibrous layer: outer layer made of _____________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 Serous layer: creates the _______________________________________ where pericardial fluid is
held; two layers
 Outer: ________________________________ pericardium
 Inner: ________________________________ pericardium (epicardium)

Myocardium: _________________________________________; thicker on left side of the heart
 _______________________________________________________________________________

Endocardium: lining of ____________________________________________; squamous epithelial tissue
continuous with the _________________________________________________________________________
Chambers of the Heart

_____________________________
 2 ________________________ chambers of heart; __________________________________________
 Responsible for __________________________________ blood
 Right atrium receives __________________________________________________________ blood
from the body through the ____________________________________________________________
 Left atrium receives _____________________________________________ blood from the lungs
through the _____________________________________________

Ventricles
 2 ____________________ chambers of the heart; __________________________________________
 Left wall ____________ as thick as right wall; forms _______________________________________
 Responsible for pumping blood _____________________ from the heart
 Right ventricle sends _______________________________________ blood to the lungs via the
_______________________________________
 Left ventricle sends _______________________________________ blood to all parts of the body
via the _______________________________________
Heart Valves

Tough fibrous tissue between the _____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________ structures to keep the blood flowing in one direction and to prevent
___________________________________________________________________________________________
 Atrioventricular (AV) valves:
 Tricuspid valve: between the ____________________________________________________
 Bicuspid/mitral valve: between then _____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
 Semilunar Valves: 3 half moon pockets that catch blood and balloon out to close the opening
 Pulmonary semilunar valve: between the ________________________________________
____________________________________________________
 Aortic semilunar valve: between the _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Accessory Structures

Septum: ___________________________________________________________________________________

Papillary muscles: located in the _________________________; attach to the cusps of the
_________________________________ valves (mitral/tricuspid valves) via the ______________________
__________________________ and contract to prevent ______________________________ of these valves

Ligamentum Arteriosum: cord of tissue that connects the ________________________________________
_________________________ and that is the remnants of the ______________________________________
Blood Vessels

3 major types of blood vessels:
 ___________________________________
 ___________________________________
 ___________________________________

There are over 60,000 miles of blood vessels in the human body.
 There are approximately 300 million capillaries in the human body
Blood Vessel Anatomy
Three coats (_______________________):
1. Tunica intima: endothelium lines the interior of vessels; _________________________________________
2. Tunica media: ______________________________________________________________________________
3. Tunica externa: _____________________________________________________________________________
Arteries

Carry blood __________________ from the heart
 Overall, ___________________________ in diameter, have __________________________ walls in
proportion to their _____________________ (opening) and carry blood under higher
pressure than veins

All BUT ________________________________________ carry oxygenated blood

Aorta: ____________________________________________________________________________

Arterioles: smallest arteries

Coronary arteries: very important; supply blood to the __________________________________________
 Left and right main coronary artery
 Left coronary artery - left anterior descending, left circumflex branch
 Right coronary artery - right atrium and right ventricle
Veins

Carry blood _________________________ the heart
 Generally ______________________ in diameter, carry more ________________________________
and have ______________________ walls in proportion to their lumen.
 Layers much thinner, less elastic

All BUT _____________________________________ carry deoxygenated blood

Series of internal valves that __________________________________________________________________

Superior and inferior vena cava: _____________________________________________________________

Venules: smallest veins
Capillaries

Tiny, ______________________________________________
 Diameter = 5-10 micrometers

Walls _________________________ layer thick

Function: __________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

Allow for exchanges to occur between arteries and veins
Great Vessels

Superior and inferior vena cava: _____________________________________________________________

Pulmonary arteries: _________________________________________________________________________

Pulmonary veins: ___________________________________________________________________________

Aorta: _____________________________________________________________________________________