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Cardiovascular System: Anatomy of the Heart Part 1 Notes ● Advanced Human Anatomy Name:________________________________________________ Date:____________ Block:__________ General Information Size: approximately the size of _________________________________________________ Location: in the _______________________________________ - the cavity in the center of the chest o Slightly to the __________________ of the midline Surrounding Layers of the Heart ____________________________________________ Double layered sac Contains roughly half an ounce of _______________________________________ which works to ____________________________________________________________________________________ Fibrous layer: outer layer made of _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Serous layer: creates the _______________________________________ where pericardial fluid is held; two layers Outer: ________________________________ pericardium Inner: ________________________________ pericardium (epicardium) Myocardium: _________________________________________; thicker on left side of the heart _______________________________________________________________________________ Endocardium: lining of ____________________________________________; squamous epithelial tissue continuous with the _________________________________________________________________________ Chambers of the Heart _____________________________ 2 ________________________ chambers of heart; __________________________________________ Responsible for __________________________________ blood Right atrium receives __________________________________________________________ blood from the body through the ____________________________________________________________ Left atrium receives _____________________________________________ blood from the lungs through the _____________________________________________ Ventricles 2 ____________________ chambers of the heart; __________________________________________ Left wall ____________ as thick as right wall; forms _______________________________________ Responsible for pumping blood _____________________ from the heart Right ventricle sends _______________________________________ blood to the lungs via the _______________________________________ Left ventricle sends _______________________________________ blood to all parts of the body via the _______________________________________ Heart Valves Tough fibrous tissue between the _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________ structures to keep the blood flowing in one direction and to prevent ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Atrioventricular (AV) valves: Tricuspid valve: between the ____________________________________________________ Bicuspid/mitral valve: between then _____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Semilunar Valves: 3 half moon pockets that catch blood and balloon out to close the opening Pulmonary semilunar valve: between the ________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Aortic semilunar valve: between the _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Accessory Structures Septum: ___________________________________________________________________________________ Papillary muscles: located in the _________________________; attach to the cusps of the _________________________________ valves (mitral/tricuspid valves) via the ______________________ __________________________ and contract to prevent ______________________________ of these valves Ligamentum Arteriosum: cord of tissue that connects the ________________________________________ _________________________ and that is the remnants of the ______________________________________ Blood Vessels 3 major types of blood vessels: ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ There are over 60,000 miles of blood vessels in the human body. There are approximately 300 million capillaries in the human body Blood Vessel Anatomy Three coats (_______________________): 1. Tunica intima: endothelium lines the interior of vessels; _________________________________________ 2. Tunica media: ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Tunica externa: _____________________________________________________________________________ Arteries Carry blood __________________ from the heart Overall, ___________________________ in diameter, have __________________________ walls in proportion to their _____________________ (opening) and carry blood under higher pressure than veins All BUT ________________________________________ carry oxygenated blood Aorta: ____________________________________________________________________________ Arterioles: smallest arteries Coronary arteries: very important; supply blood to the __________________________________________ Left and right main coronary artery Left coronary artery - left anterior descending, left circumflex branch Right coronary artery - right atrium and right ventricle Veins Carry blood _________________________ the heart Generally ______________________ in diameter, carry more ________________________________ and have ______________________ walls in proportion to their lumen. Layers much thinner, less elastic All BUT _____________________________________ carry deoxygenated blood Series of internal valves that __________________________________________________________________ Superior and inferior vena cava: _____________________________________________________________ Venules: smallest veins Capillaries Tiny, ______________________________________________ Diameter = 5-10 micrometers Walls _________________________ layer thick Function: __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Allow for exchanges to occur between arteries and veins Great Vessels Superior and inferior vena cava: _____________________________________________________________ Pulmonary arteries: _________________________________________________________________________ Pulmonary veins: ___________________________________________________________________________ Aorta: _____________________________________________________________________________________