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Cardiovascular System Study Guide
1. Blood flow to and from the heart is sometimes referred to as a “double pump.”
Using the terms systemic and pulmonary circulation, explain why this phrase is
used.
2. Differentiate between atria and ventricles. Give 2 differences.
3. Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood and which carries deoxygenated
blood?
a. What major vessel delivers blood to each side?
b. What major vessel carries blood away from the heart
4. Where are semilunar valves and atrioventricular valves located? How are they
related to the “lub – dup” sound of the heart?
5. What is the function of the chordae tendinae? How are these related to the
papillary muscles and which valves are they attached to?
6. What is the protective layer around the heart called? What is its function?
7. What is the “bag” around the heart called?
8. Where is the myocardium located? Which is thicker, the myocardium of the
right ventricle or left ventricle? Why?
9. Where is the endocardium located? What does this layer form?
10. What is the function of the septum?
11. Where are the coronary arteries and veins located?
12. What is the function of the purkinje fibers? How are these fibers related to the
Bundle of His?
13. List the flow of blood through the heart, starting at the superior and inferior vena
cavas. Make sure to include any important anatomical structures.
14. How are arteries and veins different? Give a functional difference and include 3
anatomical differences.
15. What happens during systole and diastole? What chambers are responsible for
recording these two measures when blood pressure is taken?
16. Differentiate between the tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa.
17. Which have a larger tunica media, arteries or veins? Why?
18. How is gas exchange possible in capillaries? Explain how the structure of
capillaries allows this to happen.
19. Why do veins have valves?
20. Explain how the SA and AV nodes are linked. Why is the SA (and not the AV)
node called the pacemaker?
21. Describe what happens during the following:
a. P wave
b. QRS complex
c. T wave
d. Why is there no accounting for atrial repolarization?
22. Explain the function of the following white blood cells:
a. Neutrophil
b. Eosinophil
c. Basophil
d. Lymphocyte
e. Monocyte
23. What can be found in plasma?
24. How are platelets used to stop blood flow?
25. Describe why a person with blood type A cannot receive type B blood. Include
antigen and antibody in your answer.
26. Why is blood type O considered a universal donor?
27. Why is it dangerous for people with Rh- blood types to receive blood from Rh+
people? What happens?