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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE OUTLINE 1 - THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND GERMANIC TRIBES (PEOPLES) THE CRISIS AND FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE THE DIVISION OR ROMAN EMPIRE (THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE). THE GERMANIC TRIBES ACTIVITIES 2 - THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE CHARACTERISTICS JUSTINIAN ACTIVITIES 3 - BYZANTINE CIVILIZATION CHARACTERISTICS CULTURE AND ART ACTIVITIES 4 - THE FRANKISH OR CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE THE FRANKS CHARLES MARTEL AND THE BATTLE OF TOURS CHARLEMAGNE ASPECTOS LINGÜÍSTICOS PRESENT SIMPLE IMPERATIVE LOS PASADOS TO BE THERE WAS THERE WERE. VERBOS REGULARES/ IRREGULARES EN PASADO AFIRMATIVA. CONTABLES/INCONTABL ES SOME/ ANY SENTENCE STRESS LAS CONSONANTES VOCABULARY AT THE BEGINNING BATTLE AXE COUNTIES TO DECLINE EASTERN EMPIRE EMPRESS FALL FOR A LONG TIME IMPRESSIVE KEEP WATCH MARCHES MAYOR OF THE PALACE ONCE AND FOR ALL RIOTS TO SET UP TO SETTLE DOWN SUBJECTS TOPICS TRIBES WESTERN EMPIRE 5 – CULTURE OF CAROLINGIANS CHARACTERISTICS ACTIVITIES 6 - VOCABULARY I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 24 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE 1 – THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND GERMANIC TRIBES (PEOPLES) From the 3rd century on, Rome faced a social, political and economical crisis. The Empire was too large for one person to rule it, so Emperor Diocletian divided it into four parts and worked on other reforms. These reforms failed to improve the situation of the Roman Empire, and so did Constantine reforms, who became Emperor in 312. Another Emperor, Theodosius, trying to overcome the crisis, decided to divide the Empire after his death and give them to his two sons. In 395, the Roman Empire split into two separate parts: - The Western Roman Empire, with its capital in Rome. - The Eastern Roman Empire, with its capital in Constantinople. These two parts of the Empire followed two very different destinies: - The Western Roman Empire only survived until 476, when Germanic tribes defeated the last Roman Emperor. - The Eastern Roman Empire resisted the invasion of Germanic tribes and lasted until 1453. http://go.hrw.com/venus_images/0304MC05.gif These two dates, 476 (fall of the Western Roman Empire) and 1453 (fall of the Eastern Roman Empire), mark the beginning and the end of the Medieval Age. http://www.worldology.com/Europe/images/decline_rome.jpg There were many different Germanic groups: Ostrogoths, Lombards, Visigoths, Franks, Vandals, Angles and Saxons. They came from the forests of northern Europe in search of warm climates and better land for their cattle. http://i285.photobucket.com/albums/ll54/Liffrea66/Visigoth_warrior.jpg At the beginning they settled down in the borders of the Roman Empire but soon they were fighting to take control of more land. These tribes occupied different areas after the fall of the Western Roman Empire: - Franks in France. - Vandals in Northern Africa. - Visigoths in Spain. - Ostrogoths and Lombards in Italy. - Angles and Saxons in Britain. http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/1320hist&civ/slides/08romfal/romeburning.jpg I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 25 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE Activities: - Answer these questions: Which emperor divided the Roman Empire into four parts?................................................................... Which emperor divided the Roman Empire into Western Empire and Eastern Empire?....................... What was the capital of Western Empire?............................................................................................. What was the capital of Eastern Empire?.............................................................................................. - Create a time line and place these historic events and periods in their corresponding places: -Rome faced a social, political and economical crisis-; -Constantine became Emperor-; -The Roman Empire split into two separate parts-; -Fall of the Western Roman Empire-; -Fall of the Eastern Roman Empire-; -The Middle Ages-; The Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)-. 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 DC DC DC DC DC DC DC 1 0 0 0 DC 1 1 0 0 DC C 1 2 0 0 DC 1 3 0 0 DC 1 4 0 0 DC 1 5 0 0 DC - List the name of seven Germanic tribes and write of the name different areas that they occupied after the fall of the Western Roman Empire: 2 – THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE The Eastern Roman Empire had its capital at Constantinople, a former Greek colony named Byzantium, and it grew rich and powerful. It was known as Byzantine Empire. At the beginning the Byzantine Empire followed Roman traditions, but later it adopted some Greek customs, for example, Greek replaced Latin as the official language, and emperors were called “basileus”, the Greek word for king. The Byzantine Empire reached its peak with Emperor Justinian in the 6th century. At this time the Empire stretched to Italy, North of Africa and South of Spain (apart from the former territories of Greece, Asia Minor and Egypt). Justinian became Emperor in 527 and ruled until 565. He was a strong leader and was helped by efficient government officials and by his wife Theodora, who was very intelligent. http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/1320hist&civ/slides/05space/justinian.jpg I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 26 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE Justinian also organized the laws. After his reforms, laws were easier to understand and his Law Code had great influence in the rest of Europe. After Justinian died, the Empire began to lose territories and was conquered by different peoples. Finally it was defeated and dominated by the Turkish once and for all. http://img15.imageshack.us/img15/7695/byzant01.gif Activity: - With the help of the above map, write in the map on the right the territories that formed the Byzantine Empire in times of Justinian. Write out its capital as well. http://www.roma-tours.com/ g/byzantine_empire.gif I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 27 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE 3 – BYZANTINE CIVILIZATION Byzantine culture was a mix of Roman, Greek and Christian elements. For a long time Constantinople was the largest and richest city in Europe. This was in part because of the geographical situation of the Empire as a centre of trade between Europe and Asia. Byzantines were educated and produced impressive works of art. Constantinople was known for its churches and palaces. The most important building was Hagia Sophia, a huge church completed in 537. It still stands in Istanbul as a museum. http://www.mlahanas.de/Hellas/Byzanz/Bio/TheodoraI.jpg Also important and beautiful were Byzantine mosaics, made of bits of coloured glass or stone that decorated the inside of churches, monasteries and museums. Activity: - Look for information about the Nika riots (revolts) or about the basilica (church) of Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) and write an original composition about one of those topics. ............................................................................................ ………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………............. …………………………………………………………............. …………………………………………………………............. Digital reconstruction of Hagia Sophia how it was in times of Justinian. http://josephpatterson.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/hagia-sophia.jpg …………………………………………………………............. ………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………...... ………………………………………………………………….. I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE Hagia Sophia nowadays. content/uploads/Hagia_Sophia.jpg http://www.turkeyportal.com/wp- A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 28 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE 4 – THE FRANKISH OR CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE http://www.islam-watch.org/Assets/Battle-of-Poitiers-Tours-Charles-Martel-Ramadan-month.jpg One of the Germanic peoples were the Franks. They settled down in the area of today’s France. Frankish kings often fought between them and government was in the hands of the nobles. The most important of these nobles was called “the mayor of the palace”. One of these mayors was Charles Martel, who defeated the Muslims coming from Spain at the Battle of Tours (also known as Battle of Poitiers) in 732. His men used a type of battle axe called <<Francisca axe>>. This stopped Muslim advance into Europe. http://www.swordsswords.com/images/products/display/Antiqued_Vikings_Francisca _Axe_1.jpg Pippin, Charles Martel’s son also became also mayor of the palace, and in 751 he became king of the Franks. Pippin was succeeded by his son Charles, who increased the territory of the Frankish kingdom and became emperor in 800. He founded the Carolingian Empire. Because of all his conquests he was known as Charlemagne or Charles the Great. Charlemagne divided the territory into counties and marches (in the border areas). They were administrative units. To keep the nobles under control, he had the “missi dominici” (messengers of the lord), who checked that the rules were followed. But after Charlemagne’s death his empire did not last. His son Louis was a weak leader and after he died the kingdom was divided between his three sons: Charles, Louis and Lothair. http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/charlemagne_coronation.jpg 5 – CULTURE OF CARILINGIANS Charlemagne was an intelligent person who studied many subjects. He wanted his people to be educated. He set up a school in one of the royal palaces (Palatine Chapel) where the children of government officials studied. The subjects included grammar, rhetoric, dialectic and the elements of geometry, astronomy, and music (seven liberal arts). http://www.irelandhistory.org/pictures/empire-of-charlemagne.gif http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/Images/109images/Carolingian/Ebbo_Matthew.jpg http://www.blogarquitectura.com/wp-content/uploads/Capilla-Palatina-Aquisgr%C3%A1n.jpg I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 29 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE Activities: - Look for information about the Frankish tribe and answer these questions: What was the name of the first king of all Franks in the 6th century? Name another Germanic tribe that was defeated by that king in the year 507 in France? What was the name of that battle? What was the name of the dynasty that was founded by that king? - Read the questions. Choose the correct answer. Who was Charles Martel? a) a king b) a mayor of the palace c) Pippin´s son When did Pippin become into king?: a) 751 b) 800 c) 732 Who become into Emperor in the year 800? a) Charlemagne b) Louis c) Lothair What was the name of men who keep watched the nobles? a) marches b) missi dominici c) messengers of the god What is the name of Charlemagne´s son? a) Lothair b) Charles c) Louis - Look for information about Charlemagne and answer these questions: In which year was he born?................................................................................................................... In which year did he die?....................................................................................................................... What territories did he conquer?............................................................................................................ With which other tribes did he fight?...................................................................................................... Who what? Pope was Charlemagne crowned by?................................................................................ What was the Carolingian Renaissance?.............................................................................................. - Say if these events, names, and churches belong to the Byzantine Empire or the Frankish (Carolingian) Empire. Basileus…………………………………………………………………………….. Battle of Tours or Poitiers………………………………………………………… Eastern Empire............................................................................................... Emperor Charlemagne.................................................................................... Emperor Justinian........................................................................................... Empress Theodora………………………………………………………………... Francisca Axe…………………………………………………………………........ Hagia Sophia……………………………………………………………………….. Missi Dominici……………………………………………………………………… Nika Riots…………………………………………………………………………... http://media.lonelyplanet.com/lpimg/6331/63311/preview.jpg Palatine Chapel............................................................................................... http://hartforth.com/images/CharlemagneCrown.jpg http://standingandwaiting.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/soli - What of these photos belong to Byzantine Empire or Frankish Empire? I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE dus-justinian_ii-christ_b-sb1413.jpg http://www.kalipedia.com/kalipediamedia/historia/media/20 0707/17/hisuniversal/20070717klphisuni_53.Ees.SCO.png A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 30 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE 6 – VOCABULARY English A Also adv. Pronunciation Spanish /'ɔ:lsəʊ/ También, además As well adv. At the beginning expression de tiempo B Battle axe sust. y sust. Bits sust. /əz/ /wi:l/ También Al principio, en el principio /bɪt/ Hacha de batalla Trozos, pedazos Border areas adj. y sust. C to Call verb. /'bɔ:rdər/ /'eriə/ Áreas fronterizas /kɔ:l/ Llamar Cattle sust. /'kætḷ/ Ganado, reses to Check verb. Churches sust. /tʃek/ Controlar, revisar Iglesias Conquer verb to Conquests sust. /'kɑ:ŋkər/ /'kɑ:ŋkwests/ Conquistar Conquistas Counties sust. /kaʊnti:s/ Condados Customs sust. D Death sust. /'kʌstəms/ Costumbres /deθ/ Muerte Decline sust. to Defeat verb. /dɪ'klaɪn/ Declive, decadencia Derrotar Destiny sust. to Divide into verb. /'destɪni/ /dɪ'vaɪd/ /'ɪntu/ Destino Dividir en Dynasty sust. E Eastern empire adj. y sust. /'dɪnəsti/ Dinastía /'i:stərn / /'empaɪə(r)/ Imperio oriental Emperor sust. /'empərər/ Emperador Empress sust. Events sust. /'emprɪs/ Emperatriz Eventos /æt/ /ði/ /bɪ'gɪnɪŋ/ /'bætl/ /æks/ /tʃɜ:rtʃis/ /dɪ'fi:t/ /ɪ'vents/ F to Face verb. Fall sust. /feɪs/ to Follow verb. For a long time adv. expression de tiempo /'fɑ:ləʊ / /fɔ:l/ Enfrentarse, encararse Caída /fɔ:r / /eɪ/ /'lɔ:ŋ / /taɪm/ Seguir Por mucho tiempo Grammar sust. H Huge adj. I Impressive adj. /'græmər/ Gramática /'hju:dʒ/ Enorme, inmenso-a, gigantesco-a /ɪm'presɪv/ Admirable, digno-a de admiración to Improve verb. K Keep watch verb. L Large adj. Last adj. /ɪm'pru:v/ Mejorar /ki:p/ /wɑ:tʃ/ Vigilar, mantener la vigilancia /lɑ:rdʒ/ /lɑ:st/ Grande Último-a Law code sust. y sust. /lɔ:/ /kəʊd/ Código de leyes, Código legislativo G I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 31 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE Leader sust. /'li:dər/ Líder, dirigente Liberal arts adj. y sust. /'lɪbərəl/ /ɑ:rts/ Artes liberales to List verb. M Marches sust. /lɪst/ Enumerar /mɑ:rtʃs/ Marcas Mayor of the palace sust., prep., art., sust. Mix sust. N Nobles sust. O Once and for all expresión de tiempo /'meɪər/ /ɑ:v/ /ði/ /'pæləs/ /mɪks/ Mayordomo de palacio Mezcla /'nəʊbəls/ Nobles /wʌns/ /ænd/ /fɔ:r / /ɔ:l/ De una vez por todas, definitivamente to Overcome verb. P Palatine palace sust. R to Reform verb. /ʊvə'kʌm/ Vencer /paləˌtīn/ /'pæləs/ Palacio palatino /'ri:'fɔ:rm/ Reformar to Replace verb. /rɪ'pleɪs/ Reemplazar, sustituir Riots sust. S Search sust. /'raɪəts Revueltas, disturbios /sɜ:rtʃ/ Búsqueda Set up verb. to Settle down verb.y adv. /set/ /ʌp/ Fundar, erigir, establecer Asentarse Son sut. Soon adv. /sʌn/ /su:n/ Hijo Pronto to Split into verb. /splɪt/ /'ɪntu/ Dividir en Subjects sust. T Topics sust. /'sʌbdʒɪkts/ Temas, materias /'tɒpɪks/ Temas Tribes sust. U Under control prep. y sust. /traɪbs/ Tribus /'ʌndər/ /kən'trəʊl/ Bajo control Until adv. W Warm adj. Western empire adj. y sust. /ʌn'tɪl/ Hasta /wɔ:rm/ /'westərn/ /'empaɪə(r)/ Cálido Impero occidental Wife sust. /waɪf/ Esposa, mujer /'setḷ/ /daʊn/ I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 32