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Organic Chemistry, 6th edition
Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Chapter 26
The Organic Chemistry of
the Metabolic Pathways
Brian L. Groh
Minnesota State University, Mankato
Mankato, MN
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the 3rd stage of catabolism?
26.5
A.
B.
C.
D.
Oxidative phosphorylation
The citric acid cycle
Gluconeogenesis
Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins are hydrolyzed to
fatty acids, monosaccharides, and amino acids
E. Fatty acids, monosaccharides, and amino acids are
converted into compounds which enter the citric acid
cycle
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the 3rd stage of catabolism?
26.5
Oxidative phosphorylation – 4th stage
The citric acid cycle – 3rd stage
Gluconeogenesis
Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins are hydrolyzed to
fatty acids, monosaccharides, and amino acids – 1st
stage
E. Fatty acids, monosaccharides, and amino acids are
converted into compounds which enter the citric acid
cycle – 2nd stage
A.
B.
C.
D.
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
26.6
How many acetyl-CoA’s are produced upon
catabolism of myristic acid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6
7
8
12
14
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
26.6
How many acetyl-CoA’s are produced upon
catabolism of myristic acid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6
7
8
12
14
Myristic acid is a C14 fatty acid.
Each passage through the four
reactions of beta-oxidation removes
two carbons from the fatty acetylCo-A by converting them into the
two carbon unit acetyl-CoA. Six
cycles are required which results in
the formation of 7 acetyl-CoA’s.
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
26.6
Each pass of a fatty acid through the beta-oxidation
cycle removes ________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1 carbon
2 carbons
3 carbons
4 carbons
divides the molecule in half
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
26.6
Each pass of a fatty acid through the beta-oxidation
cycle removes ________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1 carbon
2 carbons
3 carbons
4 carbons
divides the molecule in half
Each passage through the cycle removes two
carbons from the fatty acyl-CoA by converting
them into acetyl-CoA.
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
26.7
What enzyme is required for the conversion of
3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Kinase
Mutase
Transferase
Hydroxylase
Synthetase
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
26.7
What enzyme is required for the conversion of
3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Kinase
Mutase
Transferase
Hydroxylase
Synthetase
A mutase catalyzes a reaction
in which a group is
transferred from one part of
the molecule to another part
of the same molecule.
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
26.10 Which of the following compounds can directly enter
the citric acid cycle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Pyruvate
Lactate
Acetyl-CoA
2-phosphoglycerate
Glycerol-3-phosphate
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
26.10 Which of the following compounds can directly enter
the citric acid cycle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Pyruvate
Lactate
Acetyl-CoA
2-phosphoglycerate
Glycerol-3-phosphate
In addition to acetyl-CoA
the intermediates, citrate,
isocitrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA,
succinate, fumarate, (S)malate and oxaloacetate can
enter the citric acid cycle.
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
26.11
How many ATP’s are produced upon catabolism and
oxidative phosphorylation of myristic acid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7
14
28
77
84
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
26.11
How many ATP’s are produced upon catabolism and
oxidative phosphorylation of myristic acid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7
14
28
77
84
Catabolism of myristic acid (C14)
yields 7 acetyl-CoA’s. Every
molecule of acetyl-CoA that enters
the citric acid cycle produces 12
ATP’s.
Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.