* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Peasant`s Crusade
Survey
Document related concepts
Franco-Mongol alliance wikipedia , lookup
Livonian Crusade wikipedia , lookup
House of Lusignan wikipedia , lookup
Church of the Holy Sepulchre wikipedia , lookup
Rhineland massacres wikipedia , lookup
Kingdom of Jerusalem wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Arsuf wikipedia , lookup
Northern Crusades wikipedia , lookup
Savoyard crusade wikipedia , lookup
Siege of Acre (1189–1191) wikipedia , lookup
Third Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Siege of Acre (1291) wikipedia , lookup
Albigensian Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Nicopolis wikipedia , lookup
Despenser's Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Fourth Crusade wikipedia , lookup
First Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
What are they? • The Crusades were a series of battles between the Christian Church and ‘un-believers’ or ‘infidels’. • In 1095, Pope Urban II appealed to the lords and knights of Europe to free the Holy Land from the Muslims. – He wanted Jerusalem in Christian hands Urban II addressing the crowd Why did people go? • Pope Urban II promised remission of sins to all who died. • Many were motivated by religious fervor • Some sought adventure and could take part in their favourite pass-time….. – Fighting • Others went to gain riches and territory • http://www.history.com/media.do?id=ee_byzantines_crusades_motivationsfirstcrusade_broadband&a ction=clip The Peasant’s Crusade (The People’s Crusade) • Before the first planned Crusade took off, Peter the Hermit (a monk) organized large numbers of peasants and low-ranking knights set off for Jerusalem. • Along the way they had a number of problems such as food shortages and lack of discipline. • About one-quarter of these troops died before reaching Constantinople. • Once in the Holy Land, they split up, and many were massacred. Peter survived and joined the other Crusaders upon their arrival. The First Crusade • Followed on the heels of Pope Urban II speech at Claremont, France. • This was more carefully planned than the Peasants Crusade. Armies met at Constantinople and began march to Jerusalem. • In 1099 (two years after leaving home), the Crusaders stood outside the walls of Jerusalem. Siege of Antioch More on the First Crusade • It took the crusaders 5 weeks to take the city. – In the process, many men, women and children were massacred. • This is the only crusade that was successful! Legacy of Crusade #1 • A Christian state was established amid a “sea of Muslims.” – The Crusader states of Edessa, Tripoli, Jerusalem and Antioch. • The states became dependent on supplies from Italian commercial cities – E.g Venice • The Crusader states were not easily maintained, and in 1144, Edessa fell to the Seljuk Turks The Second Crusade • This crusade was called in 1147 after the fall of Edessa. • It was a total disaster, as the Crusaders failed to achieve any major victories. The Third Crusade • In 1187, Saladin, leader of the Seljuk Turks, recaptured Jerusalem. • Some of the most important rulers in Europe called for a crusade. – Richard I of England (Richard the Lionheart) – Phillip II of France – Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa Crusade #3 • The three men started on their journey to Jerusalem, but…. – Barbarossa drowned along the way, and only the French and English kings remained. – The rivalry between the two nations was great- even back then. • Phillip II headed back to France, leaving Richard the Lionheart to go in alone. • Saladin had a capable army, and Richard and his troops were unable to re-take Jerusalem. – However, Richard was able to negotiate a truce with Saladin. – Christian pilgrims would be given safe passage to Jerusalem. The Fourth Crusade • Pope Innocent III called for another Crusade in 1202, a decade after the death of Saladin. • However, the Crusade was funded by a Venetian leader, with the instruction to take Constantinople instead. WHY? – Constantinople was the greatest trade competitor of Venice. • In 1204, the Crusading army attacked Constantinople and looted the churches and massacred the defenders. • This tarnished the idea of the Crusades. • However,… Other Crusades • There would be a series of further Crusades; none of which achieved success. • The most notable is the Children’s Crusade of 1212. • Led by the leaders of the French and German armies, 10,000 children marched toward the Holy Land. • However, none reached Jerusalem – Sold into slavery – Returned home – Died of hunger and disease. Legacy • Stabilized European society by removing large numbers of young warriors. • The Italian seaports benefited economically • Lead to attacks on Jews. – Becomes a regular feature of life.