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Lamarckism
Lamarckism is the term used to refer to the theory of evolution formulated by
Lamarck.
Lamarck's theory is the first theory of biological evolution, in fifty years ahead to
Darwin's formulation of natural selection in his book The Origin of species.
Lamarck proposed his theory that life evolved "by trial and error and on", "that
as individuals of a species change our situation, climate, so to be or habit, why
are the influences that change gradually consistency and proportions of parts,
their shape, their powers and even his own organization "It would be the ability
of organisms to adapt to the environment and the successive changes that have
occurred in these environments, which would have led to the evolution and
diversity of species present.As a mechanism for translating these assumptions
in evolutionary changes, proposed the mechanism known as "inheritance of
acquired characteristics," referring to until today unproven ability of organisms
to transfer the inheritance of acquired characters in life.
Neo-Darwinism
Neo-Darwinism is the 'modern synthesis' of Darwinian evolution through natural
selection with Mendelian genetics, the latter being a set of primary tenets
specifying that evolution involves the transmission of characteristics from parent
to child through the mechanism of genetic transfer, rather than the 'blending
process' of pre-Mendelian evolutionary science. Neo-Darwinism can also
designate Darwin's ideas of natural selection separated from his hypothesis of
Pangenesis as a Lamarckian source of variation involving blending inheritance.
From the 1880s to the 1930s the term continued to be applied to the
panselectionist school of thought, which argued that natural selection was the
main and perhaps sole cause of all evolution. From then until around 1947 the
term was used for the panselectionist followers of R. A. Fisher.
Theory of Evolution Darwin
The theory of evolution of Darwin is the widely held notion that life is related and
has descended from a common ancestor. The birds and the bananas, the fishes
and the flowers - all related. The general theory of Darwin assumed that
complex creatures evolved from simpler ancestors naturally over time. Although
the theory of Darwinian evolution is a relatively young archetype, the
evolutionary worldview itself is as old as antiquity. Charles Darwin simply
brought something new to the old philosophy - a plausible mechanism called
"natural selection . " Natural selection acts to preserve and accumulate minor
advantageous genetic mutations. His theory is that it is a slow gradual process.
Origin of variability
The genetic variation among individuals within populations and among
populations within species . The naturally occurring genetic differences between
organisms within a species are called polymorphisms , which accumulate until
they become very large between the species, which are called genetic
differences .
Many polymorphisms involve differences in the identity of a pair of specific DNA
nucleotide ( SNP or single - nucleotide polymorphism ) .
When the SNP present in the coding region alter one codon , such that results
in the substitution of an amino acid in the polypeptide chain , the polymorphism
is termed non-synonymous . Synonyms polymorphisms found in the coding
regions , but do not cause amino acid changes . Some texts are called silent
polymorphisms. This is possible because in the genetic code are several
codons encoding the same amino acid . However, in many organisms there is a
preference for the use of certain codons , particularly to transcribe mRNAs
coding for abundant proteins ; which seems to be related to the accuracy and
speed of translation. Also called silent polymorphisms present in the noncoding
regions of the genome , but preferably they call , neutral polymorphisms. .