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Magnetism What are magnets? • A magnetic field is created around any ________________________________. What is charged that is moving within an atom? • _______________ (e-) • The atoms within most materials have paired up electrons spinning in opposite directions so the magnetic field that is created by one is cancelled out by the other. • Some materials like iron, nickel, and colbalt have a single electron or pair of electrons that spin in the same direction creating a magnetic field or a small atomic magnet. The atomic sized magnets line up to create domains within the material. The individual domains _______ to form a magnet. A magnet has two ends called poles (______________), where the magnetic force is the strongest. • No matter how many times a magnet is broken, _______________ always has a north pole and a south pole. • There is no such thing as a monopole. A ______________________ exists around a magnet or any moving charged object. Magnetic fields are like electric fields or gravitational fields in that they allow magnets to interact without touching. Imaginary lines that map out the magnetic field around a magnet are known as ________________________ or ________________________________. The direction of the magnetic field is determined by using a compass. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Rules for drawing magnetic field lines: 1. Magnetic field lines always go from the _____________ to the _____________ (outside a magnet). Bar Magnet Horseshoe Magnet Rules for drawing magnetic field lines: 2. Magnetic field lines are _________________ and never cross or intersect. Rules for drawing magnetic field lines: 3. Where the magnetic field lines are closer the magnetic field is ____________________ . Draw magnetic flux lines around the magnets below: S S N N S N N S Magnetism • Magnetism is the force of attraction or repulsion between magnetic poles. Magnetic Field around the Earth …Electromagnet An electromagnet is a type of magnet whose magnetic field is produced by the ____________________________. The magnetic field disappears when the current ceases. An electromagnet is most commonly made by coiling wire around a piece of iron. This electromagnet is called a solenoid. The shape of the magnetic field is the same as a bar magnet. As electrons move through the coil of wire, the magnetic field of one electron adds to the field of any others moving in the same direction. Factors affecting the magnetic field of a solenoid: 1. The magnetic field around a solenoid is directly related to the ___________ through the coil. Factors affecting the magnetic field of a solenoid: 2. The magnetic field around a solenoid is directly related to the ______________ or coils around the solenoid. Factors affecting the magnetic field of a solenoid: 3. The magnetic field around a solenoid is directly related to the ____________ around which the wire is coiled. The soft iron is more permeable to the magnetic field than the air is. This is how Niagara Falls was used to produce electricity… Water flow is used to turn a turbine through a magnetic field inducing a potential difference and producing electrical current. This is how an electric motor works… An electric motor utilizes the property of electromagnetic induction to convert electricity into mechanical energy to make things move. The conductor itself, a coiled wire, will move to oppose the magnetic field. Just when it gets into position the current is reversed, and the coil spins round and round and round full of mechanical energy. A Generator… A generator is simply the same process in reverse, converting mechanical energy into electricity. Almost all of the electrical energy we use in our daily lives is supplied by electric generators.