Download DNA Replication - Duplin County Schools

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Wednesday
April 12, 2017
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Agenda
(15) Catalyst
(15) GN: Human Molecular
Genetics
(15) IP: Molecular Genetics
(30) Gene Therapy: Values
and Beliefs + Discussion
(10) Party Planning (?)
understand technologies used in
biotechnology
interpret a DNA fingerprint
Catalyst
1. Complete the Catalyst sheet.
That’s all 
HW: IP: Molecular Genetics
Turned in STEM Survey
DUE WEDNESDAY the 12TH!
(100% = party Thursday, 13th!)
100
100
100
90
83
80
Percent turned in
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Pd. 2
Pd. 3
Pd. 4
Exit Ticket Review
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which is an example of cell differentiation?
All mammal cells are identical
All cells have cilia at the adult stage
The DNA is different in all somatic cells
Fat cells have a different job than nerve cells
Exit Ticket Review
In cells of the same organism, the DNA
contained within is the (same/different)
SAME
If the above is true, how do cells become
specialized and differentiated?
Different cell types have different parts of their
DNA expressed – not all genes are turned on
at one time
Vocabulary
• gene – a sequence of DNA that codes for a
protein
Humans have about
25,000 genes
Genes are located
on chromosomes
protein
Each chromosome contains thousands of genes.
The human genome is the entire collection of the 6
billion base pairs in each and EVERY cell.
What if we were able to search all 6
billion A’s, T’s, C’s, and G’s in the human
genome to identify disease-causing
alleles?
In 2001, the Human Genome Project (HGP) successfully
sequenced the entire “normal” human genome.
• By having this point of reference, scientists are able to
identify defective genes that cause diseases.
In theory, once defective genes
are identified, diseases can be
cured. The HGP led to several
developments that have
benefited humans.
Genome Sequencing
Many diseases are caused by defective proteins. In gene
therapy, an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a
normal, working gene. The new functioning gene will
now produce normal proteins.
Step 1: A virus is modified so it cannot cause disease.
Step 2: A DNA fragment containing the replacement gene
is spliced to viral DNA.
replacement gene
viral DNA
virus
Step 3: The patient is “infected” with the virus, which
injects the genes into the patient’s cells.
Step 4: The patient starts producing the correct protein.
The virus is called a vector because it transmits
the DNA to the cells.
For all the promise it holds, in most cases gene therapy
remains a high-risk, experimental procedure.
Risks:
• new gene may be
inserted into wrong
location in the DNA
• immune system
reaction
• wrong type of cell
infected
• replacement protein
is over-expressed
DNA fingerprinting analyzes regions of DNA that are
highly variable and unique to identify individuals. Just
like a normal fingerprint, no two DNA fingerprints are
the same.
Gel electrophoresis is the technology that is used to
visualize DNA fingerprints by separating strands of DNA
by size.
Gel electrophoresis has many applications:
• identifying crime scene suspects
• paternity tests
• show the relatedness between species
Step 1: A small region of DNA is selected and cut with a
restriction enzyme.
• Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cut DNA at
specific sequences.
Step 1: A small region of DNA is selected and cut with a
restriction enzyme.
• Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cut DNA at
specific sequences.
Step 2: DNA is pipetted in the wells of a porous gel.
Step 3: An electric current is applied to the gel.
• DNA is negatively charged and moves towards the
positive charge.
• The smaller strands of DNA move further and more
quickly than the longer strands.
Where are the smaller
fragments of DNA
located on the gel?
DNA fingerprinting in crime scene investigations
Because half of your DNA
comes from your mother,
and half comes from your
father, your DNA
fingerprint should only
contain the bands in your
mom and dad’s fingerprint.
Which child(ren) were
fathered by the Alleged
Father?
Response Links
Read each of the statements in the links below. Respond in a
new note, explaining whether or not you agree with the
statement and WHY. If you have certain beliefs or values that led
you to your choice, explain those. 3 sentences per question
minimum. Include your name in the note.
Question 1: goo.gl/CAYoQD
Question 2: goo.gl/GrF7kk
Question 3: goo.gl/WmbZHc
Question 4: goo.gl/RzOC7B
Question 5: goo.gl/R9eYaS