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Working with Words Verbs Some of the content in this presentation is brought to you by Grammar Bytes!, ©2012 by Robin L. Simmons. chomp! The rest is brought chomp! to you by Mr. Sherry and Write Source. Here We Go… • I’ve got one word for you… Grammaropolis!!!!!! Verbs - Verbs break up into three distinct categories… - Action Verbs, Linking Verbs, and Helping Verbs - Verbs are words that are used to either express action or connect the subject of the verb to additional information about the subject. 1. Did the Cortese family adopt a pet rabbit? 2. Yes, they have named it Imelda. 3. Many local families have been considering adopting a rabbit. 4. Yes, but the Cortese’s rabbit has been acting strangely lately. 5. You have probably noticed it chasing squirrels around the yard. Linking Verbs 1. Ms. Cortese tasted AV the pumpkin spice latte. 2. The latte tasted LV delicious. 3. Mr. Sherry grew tired of the students’ silly antics. LV 4. Mr. Colosimo grew giant pumpkins in his AV backyard. 5. Mrs. Bristor’s reason for her dislike of squirrels remains LV her secret. Verbs: Principal Parts Verbs consist of four principal parts. These principal parts are used to form the different verb tenses. These fours parts are called the base form (infinitive), the present participle, the past form, and the past participle. Regular Verbs AMost regular verb generally regular verbs forms its past and past that end in e drop the participle by adding –d or e –ed before adding –ing. to the base form. The present participle is formed by adding –ing. BASE stomp PAST stomped Hope = Hoping PAST PART. Have stomped Slide = Sliding PRES. PART. stomping Hike = Hiking Irregular Verbs Of course, it can’t be that easy… Some verbs do not fit this pattern, and they are called irregular verbs. BASE know knew Have known hurt hurt form PAST These verbs their past and past PASTparticiples in some Have hurt PART. other way than by adding –d or –ed. Irregular Verbs Some irregular verbs form the past and past participle by changing vowels. Other irregular verbs form the past and past participle by changing consonants. Some Verbs That Change Vowels find found [have] found hold held [have] held ring rang [have] rung swim swam [have] swum Some Verbs That Change Consonants bend bent [have] bent build built [have] built lend lent [have] lent spend spent [have] spent Irregular Verbs Some irregular verbs form the past and past participle by changing both vowels and consonants. Finally, some irregular verbs make no change when forming the past and past participle. Some Verbs that Change Vowels and Consonants buy bought [have] bought see saw [have] seen speak spoke [have] spoken wear wore [have] worn Some Verbs that Make No Change cost cost [have] cost cut cut [have] cut hit hit [have] hit read read [have] read Confusing Verbs sit to be in place set to put (something) in place lie to recline lay to put or place (something) rise to go up raise to make (something) go up Sit the book on the table. Set the book on the or table. Set the book on the table. The sun will raise in the morning. The sun will rise in the or morning. The sun will rise in the morning. Please lie down. or down. Please lie Please lay down. Direct and Indirect Objects A direct An indirect objectobject receives receives the direct theaction actionofofthe the verb verb. indirectly. It answers It tells the us “toquestion whom” or “who?” “for whom” or “what?” something afteristhe done. verb. Gave who or what? Gave to whom ? Mr. Mittleider gave carrots to the rabbits. Verbs: Transitive and Intransitive A transitive verb is a verb that Hello! I am the ghost of expresses (transfers) an action Harambe, and I am place, here directed toward a person, Transitive thing,to or tell idea. you Words that receive about the action of transitive verbs are and calledtransitive objects. verbs These objectsare complete the meaning of the intransitive verbs. ALWAYS action Mr. Lauver began his speech. verbs! sentence! This verb is transitive because it has an object. Verbs: Transitive and Intransitive An intransitive verb is a verb that expresses action or tells us something about the subject WITHOUT the action passing to a receiver. These verbs have no object. Mrs. Ostrosky arrived on time. This verb is intransitive because it has no object. Let’s Practice!This is a linking verb, since “hungry” describes Next, First, welet’s should identify decide theifverbs they are in the ACTION following or LINKING sentences… the honeyverbs. badger. This is an action verb, since it tells us what the subject is doing. The honey badger was hungry. The honey badger snarled ferociously. The sound of Mrs. Benz’s scream echoed through the hallway. This is an action verb, since it tells us what the subject is doing. Let’s Practice! Finally, let’s look at the action verbs to see if they have an object… The vampire is hungry. Intransitive The honey badger snarled ferociously. Intransitive The sound of Mrs. Benz’s scream echoed through the hallway. Snarled Echoed at at who or what? Let’s Practice! Identify the verb in each sentence and indicate whether it is transitive (T) or intransitive (I). He told a story. T The sun rises in the east. The dog barks. I He raised his hands. T I Let’s Practice! INT • ______ Huffing and puffing, Ms. Cortese arrived at the classroom door. INT • ______ The squirrels growled ferociously. INT • ______ During practice, the students ran over the river and through the woods. INT • ______ Mr. Sherry went to the game. Let’s Practice! T • ______ Ms. Cortese threw the stapler at my head! • ______ Paige kicked Colby under the desk. T INT Ms. Kulla sang beautifully. • ______ INT I always sleep peacefully during math • ______ class. Verbs: Verbals Sometimes words that These “verbs in are typically used as disguise” are called verbs can act as another verbals. part of speech… There are three types of verbals: gerunds, participles, and infinitives. Verbs: Verbals A gerund is a verb form that ends in – ing and is used as a noun. Agent 00 enjoys running. Verbs: Verbals A participle is a verb form that ends in –ed or –ing that is used as an adjective. The creature kicking at the screen is a platypus. Verbs: Verbals An infinitive is a verb form introduced by the word “to” that can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Agent 00 hopes to stop Dr. Eckels. Underline the verbs in the following sentences. Circle any verbals. On the line before each sentence, write G if the verbal is a gerund, AP if the verbal is an adjective participle, and I if the verbal is an infinitive. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. G ______Mr. Sherry really enjoys running. I want to go! ______I G ______Ms. Cortese hates cooking. I ______Dylan refused to look at the text message. ______Ms. Cortese laughed maniacally at the crying AP student. Let’s Practice! • Mr. Colossimo distributed the difficult test. A. Transitive Action Verb B. Intransitive Action Verb C. Linking Verb D. Helping Verb • Mr. Sherry laughed maniacally. A. Transitive Action Verb B. Intransitive Action Verb C. Linking Verb D. Helping Verb •Have you seen pictures of Ms. Kulla’s new motorcycle? A. Transitive Action Verb B. Intransitive Action Verb C. Linking Verb D. Helping Verb Let’s Practice! • Ms. Cortese is evil. • Transitive Action Verb • Intransitive Action Verb • Linking Verb • Helping Verb • Mr. Sherry rescued the kitten from the pack of squirrels. • Transitive Action Verb • Intransitive Action Verb • Linking Verb • Helping Verb