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Transcript
NOTE: Anytime you see the pulsating star, plan to use your whiteboard, note card or other resource on that slide! Renaissance Mr. Knight Harris Road Middle School Do Now Write a definition for the word, ‘rebirth’ Factors that Contributed to the Beginning of the Renaissance Trade and commerce increased Cities grew larger and wealthier Newly wealthy merchants and bankers supported the growth of the arts and learning The Renaissance was an age of recovery from the disasters of the 14th century, such as the plague, political instability, and a decline of Church power Recovery went hand-in-hand with a rebirth of interest in ancient culture (e.g., ancient Greece and Rome) A new view of human beings emerged as people in the Italian Renaissance began to emphasize individual ability What was the Renaissance? The Renaissance was a cultural movement and a time of renewal (Europe was recovering from the Dark Ages and the Black Death/Bubonic Plague) Renaissance means “rebirth” of classical knowledge and “birth” of the modern world (new intellectual and artistic ideas that developed during the Renaissance marked the beginning of the modern world) Where did the Renaissance begin? •Italy •Italian Cities •Urban Societies •Major Trading Centers •Secular Movement •People lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on human beings and material possessions When did the Renaissance Take Place? th 14 Roughly the to the th 17 century How did the Crusades contribute to the Renaissance? Crusades (1095 – 1291) = Religiously sanctioned military campaigns waged by Roman Catholics against Muslims who had occupied the Holy Land. Increased demand for Middle Eastern products Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle Eastern markets Encouraged the use of credit and banking Political Ideas of the Renaissance Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) An Italian Philosopher and Writer based in Florence during the Renaissance The Prince (Published in 1532) Absolute Rule He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about conscience. Italian City-States Because Italy failed to become united during the Dark Ages, many independent city-states emerged in Italy. Each city-state was controlled by a powerful family and dominated by a wealthy merchant class. Their interest in art and emphasis on personal achievement helped to shape the Italian Renaissance. Example: The Medici family of Florence ranked among the richest merchants and bankers in Europe; they ruled Florence for over 70 years. Centralized Power One governing authority (ex. U.S. Federal Government; principals) controls power over several smaller entities (ex. State governments; teachers) ESSENTIAL QUESTION How does trade help spread culture, ideas, beliefs, etc.? 28.3 The Growth of Trade and Commerce The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature. Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works which glorified city-states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular. IMPORTANCE OF ART IN DIFFERENT PERIODS Classical art showed the importance of people and leaders, as well as gods and goddesses Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation Renaissance art and literature focused on the importance of people and nature, along with religion Renaissance artists embraced some of the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome in their art. The purpose of art would no longer be to glorify God, as it had been in Medieval Europe. Artists wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion. New Techniques also emerged. Born in 1475 in a small town near Florence, is considered to be one of the most inspired men who ever lived; he was a sculptor, painter, engineer, architect, and poet. Sistine Chapel About a year after creating David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Depicts the biblical history of the world from the Creation to the Flood Creation of Eve Separation of Light and Darkness Creation of Adam The Last Judgment 1452-1519 Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Mathematician, Engineer Mona Lisa (1503-1506) The Last Supper (1495-1498) Jesus and his apostles on the night before the crucifixion Notebooks Leonardo da Vinci dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work William Shakespeare 1564-1616 English poet and playwright Well-known plays include: Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet Influence and Impact on the Renaissance: He expanded the dramatic potential of characterization (his characters were very complex), plot, language (creative), and genre •Cultural and educational reform •The study of classical culture (ancient Greece and Rome), in contrast with the study of things related to the church and religion • Celebrated the individual •Was supported by wealthy patrons (financial supporters) Literature flourished during the Renaissance and spread Renaissance ideas, which can be greatly attributed to Johannes Gutenberg. In 1455 Gutenberg printed the first book produced by using moveable type, The Bible, and started a printing revolution that would transform Europe. WHY WOULD THE PRINTING PRESS BE CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT INVENTION OF ITS TIME?