Download independent clause - NorthStar Brit Lit

COMPOUND SENTENCES, COMPLEX
SENTENCES,
& COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES.
LANGUAGE STUDY
UNDERSTANDING CLAUSE
 A clause is a group of related words
that contains both a subject and a
predicate.
 An independent (main) clause can
stand alone as a sentence.
 A dependent (subordinate) clause
cannot stand alone and functions as a
part of speech.
REVIEW:
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
◼ An independent clause has one subject and one
predicate.
◼ REMEMBER: an independent clause can stand
alone as a sentence.
◼ An independent clause may have a series of
compound subjects and/or compound verbs.
◼ Independent Clause:
“I ride bikes…”
◼ Compound Subject:
“He and I ride bikes…”
◼ Compound Verb:
“I ride and race bikes…”
COMPOUND SENTENCES
◼ A Compound Sentence is two independent clauses joined by
either a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) or a
semicolon. A compound sentence will have TWO subjects and
TWO predicates.
◼ Comma and coordinating conjunction:
◼ Sam and Dean hunt monsters, but they die all the time.
◼ Semicolon:
◼ Sam and Dean hunt monsters; they die all the time.
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
PRACTICE
Underline the independent clauses in each of these:
We have never been to Asia, nor have we visited Africa.
We have never been to Asia, nor have we visited Africa.
Joe made sugar cookies; Susan decorated them.
Joe made sugar cookies; Susan decorated them.
The got there early, and they got great seats.
They got there early, and they got great seats.
There used to be a real me, but I had it surgically removed.
There used to be a real me, but I had it surgically removed.
I don’t want to go out tonight; I have homework to do.
I don’t want to go out tonight; I have homework to do.
MORE PRACTICE
Combine the following simple sentences using a comma and coordinating conjunction:
Wednesday blew a smoke ring.
It hung in the air like something from a Warner Bros. cartoon.
Combine the following simple sentences using a semi-colon:
Shadow continued to browse.
He found a copy of Herodotus’ s Histories in peeling brown leather.
Write your own compound sentence using a comma and coordinating conjunction.
Write your own compound sentence using a semi-colon.
DEPENDENT CLAUSES
CONTRAST
◼ Dependent clauses are not grammatical sentences.
They are often called “subordinating clauses” because
they are “less than” a sentence.
◼ Typically, a dependent clause will begin with a
subordinating conjunction.
TIME
CAUSE
CONDITION
although
after
as
if
even though
as
because
unless
though
before
in order
that
whether
whereas
since
since
while
till
so that
rather than
until
when
while
DEPENDENT CLAUSES
 How can we make this “less than” a sentence with
subordinating conjunctions?
I turned out the light.
 when I turned out the light
 until I turned out the light
 because I turned out the light
 unless I turned out the light
 before I turned out the light
None of these are grammatically correct sentences, but
are instead fragments.
DEPENDENT CLAUSES
So, a dependent clause cannot act as a grammatical
sentence AND it functions as a part of speech.
As an adverb clause, it will modify the verb in the main
clause.
As an adjective clause, it will modify the noun or pronoun
in the main clause.
As a noun clause, it will act as a noun.
You talk to me the way a teacher talks to a naughty
student.
After the game is finished, the king and pawn go in the
same box.
The people whose names are on the list will go to camp.
Pizza, which most people love, is not healthy.
A person who trusts no one can’t be trusted.
You are what you eat.
ADVERB PHRASE PRACTICE
Underline the adverb clause in the following:
Whether you like it or not, you have to go to bed now.
Whether you like it or not, you have to go to bed now.
Unless you run fast, you will miss the bus.
Unless you run fast, you will miss the bus.
I brush my teeth before I go to bed.
I brush my teeth before I go to bed.
Put away the games so you can eat your dinner.
Put away the games so you can eat your dinner.
ADJECTIVE PHRASE PRACTICE
Underline the adjective clause in each of the following:
Fruit that is grown organically is expensive.
Fruit that is grown organically is expensive.
Those who do not complain are never pitied.
Those who do not complain are never pitied.
The film which you recommended scared us half to death.
The film which you recommended scared us half to death.
This is the park where we played.
This is the park where we played.
NOUN PHRASE PRACTICE
Underline the noun phrase in each of the following:
On weekends, we can do whatever we want.
On weekends, we can do whatever we want.
Whichever restaurant you pick is fine.
Whichever restaurant you pick is fine.
Her mother will decide whether she can go.
Her mother will decide whether she can go.
What Billy did shocked his friends.
What Billy did shocked his friends.
COMPLEX SENTENCES
Complex Sentences contain one independent clause
and one or more dependent clauses.
Each clause will have its own subject and verb, BUT…
The independent clause is considered the main clause,
and it will contain the sentence’s main subject and
main verb.
As we were looking over your sign-in sheets for May
and June, we noticed a number of minor
problems.
While Mary went to the concert, Bill stayed home
with the baby.
No one responded when she rang the doorbell.
Confused yet?
COMPLEX SENTENCES: PRACTICE
Underline the main clause and identify the type of dependent clause(s) in each sentence:
She returned the computer after she realized it was damaged.
She returned the computer after she realized it was damaged. (Adverb)
I do not know when he will arrive.
I do not know when he will arrive. (Noun)
I listen to a kind of music which nobody likes.
I listen to a kind of music which nobody likes. (Adjective)
When she was younger, she believed in fairy tales.
When she was younger, she believed in fairy tales. (Adverb)
Everyone knows that he is involved in the conspiracy.
Everyone knows that he is involved in the conspiracy. (Noun)
This is the house where the murder was committed.
This is the house where the murder was committed. (Adjective)
COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES
Compound-Complex Sentences have at least two
independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
Because we see the characteristics of both compound
and complex sentences, remember that independent
clauses must be separated by a comma and a
FANBOY or a semicolon.
When the heat comes, the lakes dry up, and farmers
know that their crops will fail.
Though Mitchell prefers watching romantic films, he
rented the latest spy thriller; he enjoyed it
very much.
COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES: PRACTICE
Underline the independent clauses in the following sentences:
Jim’s mom went to the store because it’s his birthday, and she bought him a present.
Jim’s mom went to the store because it’s his birthday, and she bought him a present.
Molly, who loves cats, plans to get a kitten, but she needs to find a house first.
Molly, who loves cats, plans to get a kitten, but she needs to find a house first.
While tom reads novels, Jack reads comics, but Sam only reads magazines.
While tom reads novels, Jack reads comics, but Sam only reads magazines.
We decided to go to the movies, but our friend, who doesn’t like scary movies, didn’t want to go.
We decided to go to the movies, but our friend, who doesn’t like scary movies, didn’t want to go.
Because I paid attention, I got an A on the test, and I was so happy.
Because I paid attention, I got an A on the test, and I was so happy.